The Bison Wind Energy Center is a 496.6 megawatt (MW) wind farm spanning southwest Oliver County and north-central Morton County in the U.S. state of North Dakota. It became the largest wind generating facility in the state upon completion of the fourth construction phase in early 2015. The facility allowed the investor-owned utility company, Minnesota Power, to obtain more than 25% of its electricity generation from renewable sources, exceeding Minnesota's 2025 renewable portfolio standard requirement.

Details

The project was developed by Minnesota Power, and its parent company Allete Inc., to harvest the highly productive wind resources in the adjacent state of North Dakota. The utility provides electricity to several energy-intensive industrial customers which dominate consumption within northern Minnesota's mostly rural economy. In 2009, the company prepared for the first construction phase with the purchase and upgrade of a 465 mile high-voltage direct current transmission line that would efficiently transport the electricity from the Square Butte Substation near Center, North Dakota to the Arrowhead Substation near Duluth, Minnesota. The company's plan also called for reducing its purchases of electricity from the coal-fired generating units feeding the Square Butte Substation as the Bison wind facility grew.

Construction of the first phase of 33 wind turbines began in June 2010. It included 16 Siemens SWT-2.3 MW and 17 Siemens SWT-3.0 MW turbines. The nacelle and hub components were transported by ship from Siemen's manufacturing facilities in Denmark to Allete's headquarters in Duluth, then trucked to the facility site about 40 miles west of Bismarck. The blades and the 80 meter tower sections were manufactured Fort Madison, Iowa and West Fargo, North Dakota, respectively. A new 22 mile 345 kV transmission connects the new Bison facility substation to the Square Butte Substation. Phase 1 began sending power to Minnesota by the end of 2010, and was fully commissioned in February 2012, with a total capital cost of about $177 million.

Construction phases 2 and 3 each consist of 35 Siemens SWT-3.0 MW turbines. Two phase 1 turbines were transferred to an initial phase 1B grouping which was ultimately included in phase 3. Phases 2 and 3 both came online at the end of 2012.

The latest and largest construction phase 4 began in the fall of 2013 and consists of 64 Siemens SWT-3.2 MW turbines. These more powerful turbines enable direct drive of the generator unit, thus reducing the number mechanical components and increasing reliability. The 92 meter tower sections were manufactured in Manitowoc, Wisconsin, a portion of the generator units in Hutchinson, Kansas, and the blades in Fort Madison, Iowa. A new 11 mile 345 kV transmission line and substation were constructed to connect the west side of the facility to an expansion of original Bison substation. The cost of this expansion phase was about $345 million, bringing the total investment in the facility to nearly $800 million. Phase 4 came online at the beginning of 2015.

In September 2015 Siemens announced that it had been contracted to provide operational and maintenance (O&M) support for the 3.0 MW and 3.2 MW turbines (total of 149 units) at the Bison Wind Energy Center for their first 10 years of operation. Minnesota Power is continuing to provide O&M support for the remaining 2.3 MW turbines (total of 16 units).

Electricity production

+Bison Wind Farm Generation (MW·h) Year Bison 181.8 MW Bison 2105 MW Bison 3105 MW Bison 4204.8 MW Total AnnualMW·h 2010 10,274* – – – 10,274 2011 128,163* – – – 128,163 2012 280,347 4,441* – – 284,788 2013 232,623 272,699 274,477 – 779,799 2014 269,839 324,088 326,727 – 920,654 2015 239,495 294,291 293,756 712,056* 1,539,598 2016 268,839 328,831 326,999 832,159 1,756,828 2017 271,815 328,922 333,816 840,920 1,775,473 2018 228,732 276,225 278,525 712,649 1,496,131 2019 244,356 284,922 290,829 750,939 1,571,046 2020 257,051 316,299 320,752 805,997 1,700,099 2021 216,375 299,770 300,931 715,972 1,533,048 2022 220,666 323,837 320,315 702,134 1,566,952Average Annual Production (years 2016–2022) ---> 1,628,511Average Capacity Factor (years 2016–2022) ---> 37.4% (*) partial year of operation

See also

Wind power in North Dakota List of wind farms in the United States

References

External links Video Presentation of Bison Wind Allete Corporate Video