The list of echinoderms of South Africa is a list of species that form a part of the echinoderm (Phylum Echinodermata) fauna of South Africa, and includes the starfish, feather stars, brittle stars, sea urchins and sea cucumbers. The list follows the SANBI listing on iNaturalist.
Subphylum Asterozoa
Class Asteroidea
Superorder Forcipulatacea, order Forcipulatida
Family Asteriidae
Coscinasterias calamaria (Gray, 1840) Many armed sea star Marthasterias glacialis (Linnaeus, 1758) Spiny starfish
Superorder Spinulosacea, order Spinulosida
Family Echinasteridae
Henricia ornata (Perrier, 1869) Reticulated starfish
Superorder Valvatacea, order Paxillosida
Family Astropectinidae
Astropecten granulatus Müller & Troschel, 1842 Grey sandstar Astropecten hemprichi Müller & Troschel, 1842 Astropecten irregularis pontoporeus Sladen, 1883 Pink sandstar
Order Valvatida,
Family Acanthasteridae
Acanthaster planci (Linnaeus, 1758) Crown of thorns starfish
Family Asterinidae
Aquilonastra burtoni (Gray, 1840) Asterina stellifera (Möbius, 1859) Namibian cushion star Callopatiria granifera (Gray, 1847) Red starfish Parvulastra exigua (Lamarck, 1816) Dwarf cushion star Patiriella dyscrita (H.L. Clark, 1923) Granular cushion star
Family Goniasteridae
Calliaster baccatus Sladen, 1889 Cobbled sea star, tiled sea star Fromia elegans H.L. Clark, 1921 Blocked starfish Fromia indica (Perrier, 1869)
Family Mithrodiidae
Thromidia catalai Pope & Rowe, 1977 Fat armed star
Family Ophidiasteridae
Austrofromia schultzei (Döderlein, 1910) Granular starfish Linckia guildingi Gray, 1840 Linckia laevigata (Linnaeus, 1758) Blue star Linckia multifora (Lamarck, 1816) Narcissia spp. Nardoa variolata (Retzius, 1805) Button star
Family Oreasteridae
Choriaster granulatus Lütken, 1869 Granulated star Culcita schmideliana (Retzius, 1805) Pincushion starfish Halityle regularis Fisher, 1913 Regular star Protoreaster lincki (Blainville, 1830) Spine tipped star Pentaceraster mammillatus (Audouin, 1826) Beaded starfish
Family Pterasteridae
Euretaster cribrosus (von Martens, 1867) Pteraster capensis Gray, 1847 Brooding cushion star
Class Ophiuroidea
Order Euryalida
Family Gorgonocephalidae
Astroboa nuda (Lyman, 1874) Naked basket star Astrocladus euryale (Retzius, 1783) Basket star
Superfamily Euryalidea
Family Asteroschematidae
Asteroschema capensis Mortensen, 1925
Family Euryalidae, Subfamily Euryalinae
Euryale spp.
Order Ophiurida, Suborder Ophiurina, Infraorder Gnathophiurina
Family Amphiuridae
Amphiura (Amphiura) capensis Ljungman, 1867 Equal tailed brittlestar Amphioplus (Lymanella) integer (Ljungman, 1867) Amphipholis squamata (Delle Chiaje, 1828) Ophiodaphne scripta (Koehler, 1904) Pansy-shell brittlestar
Family Ophiactidae
Ophiactis carnea Ljungman, 1867 Snake-star Ophiactis savignyi (Müller & Troschel, 1842)
Family Ophiocomidae, Subfamily Ophiocominae
Ophiocoma (Breviturma) brevipes Peters, 1851 Ophiocoma (Breviturma) dentata Müller & Troschel, 1842 Ophiocoma (Breviturma) doederleini de Loriol, 1899 Ophiocoma erinaceus Müller & Troschel, 1842 Ophiocoma pica Müller & Troschel, 1842 Ophiocoma pusilla (Brock, 1888) Ophiocoma scolopendrina (Lamarck, 1816) Ophiocoma valenciae Müller & Troschel, 1842 Snake armed brittlestar
Family Ophionereididae
Ophionereis dubia dubia (Müller & Troschel, 1842) Striped brittlestar Ophionereis porrecta Lyman, 1860 Striped brittlestar
Family Ophiotrichidae
Macrophiothrix hirsuta cheneyi (Lyman, 1862) Ophiocnemis marmorata (Lamarck, 1816) Hitchhiker brittlestar Ophiothela danae Verrill, 1869 Commensal brittlestar Ophiothrix (Acanthophiothrix) purpurea von Martens, 1867 Ophiothrix (Ophiothrix) foveolata Marktanner-Turneretscher, 1887 Ophiothrix fragilis (Abildgaard, in O.F. Müller, 1789) Hairy brittlestar Ophiothrix fragilis var. triglochis Müller & Troschel, 1842
Infraorder Ophiodermatina
Family Ophiodermatidae
Subfamily Ophiarachninae
Ophiarachnella capensis (Bell, 1888) Banded brittlestar
Subfamily Ophiodermatinae
Ophioderma wahlbergii Müller & Troschel, 1842 Serpent skinned brittlestar
Subphylum Crinozoa
Class Crinoidea, subclass Articulata
Order Comatulida, sub-order Comatulidina
Super-family Antedonoidea, family Antedonidae, subfamily Antedoninae
Annametra occidentalis (AH Clark, 1915)
Superfamily Comasteroidea, family Comatulidae, subfamily Comatulinae
Comanthus wahlbergii (Müller, 1843) Common feather star
Superfamily Mariametroidea, family Mariametridae
Stephanometra indica (Smith, 1876) Indicated feather star
Superfamily Tropiometroidea, family Tropiometridae
Tropiometra carinata (Lamarck, 1816) Elegant feather star
Subphylum Echinozoa
Class Echinoidea, subclass Cidaroidea
Order Cidaroida
Superfamily Cidaridea, family Cidaridae, subfamily Cidarinae
Eucidaris metularia (Lamarck, 1816) Phyllacanthus imperialis (Lamarck, 1816)
Subfamily Stylocidarinae
Prionocidaris pistillaris (Lamarck, 1816) Rough pencil urchin
Subclass Euechinoidea, infraclass Acroechinoidea
Order Diadematoida
Family Diadematidae
Astropyga radiata (Leske, 1778) Diadema savignyi (Audouin, 1829) Needle urchin Diadema setosum (Leske, 1778) Needle urchin Echinothrix calamaris (Pallas, 1774) Banded urchin
Infraclass Carinacea
Superorder Echinacea, order Arbacioida
Family Arbaciidae
Tetrapygus niger (Molina, 1782) Black urchin
Order Camarodonta, infraorder Echinidea
Family Echinidae
Echinus gilchristi Bell, 1904 Deep water urchin
Family Parechinidae
Parechinus angulosus (Leske, 1778) Cape urchin
Superfamily Odontophora, family Echinometridae
Colobocentrotus (Podophora) atratus (Linnaeus, 1758) Echinometra mathaei (Blainville, 1825) Oval urchin Echinostrephus molaris (Blainville, 1825) Tuft urchin Heterocentrotus mamillatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Slate pencil urchin
Family Toxopneustidae
Toxopneustes pileolus (Lamarck, 1816) Flower urchin Tripneustes gratilla (Linnaeus, 1758) Short-spined urchin
Infraorder Temnopleuridea
Family Temnopleuridae
Salmacis bicolor L. Agassiz in L. Agassiz & Desor, 1846 Bicoloured urchin
Order Stomopneustoida
Family Stomopneustidae
Stomopneustes variolaris (Lamarck, 1816) Pot-hole urchin
Infraclass Irregularia
Superorder Atelostomata, order Spatangoida, suborder Brissidina
Superfamily Spatangidea, family Loveniidae, subfamily Echinocardiinae
Echinocardium cordatum (Pennant, 1777) Heart urchin Lovenia elongata (Gray, 1845)
Family Maretiidae
Spatagobrissus mirabilis H.L. Clark, 1923 Heart urchin
Superorder Neognathostomata, order Clypeasteroida, suborder Scutellina, infraorder Scutelliformes
Superfamily Scutellidea, family Astriclypeidae
Echinodiscus auritus Leske, 1778 Pansy shell Echinodiscus bisperforatus Leske, 1778 Pansy shell
Infraorder Laganiformes
Family Echinocyamidae
Echinocyamus sp.
Order Echinolampadoida
Family Echinolampadidae
Echinolampas crassa (Bell, 1880) Lamp urchin
Class Holothuroidea
Order Apodida
Family Chiridotidae
Taeniogyrus dayi Cherbonnier, 1952
Family Synaptidae
Leptosynapta knysnaensis (Cherbonnier, 1952) Synapta maculata (Chamisso & Eysenhardt, 1821) Snake sea cucumber
Order Aspidochirotida
Family Holothuriidae
Bohadschia subrubra (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) Holothuria (Halodeima) atra Jaeger, 1833 Holothuria (Mertensiothuria) leucospilota (Brandt, 1835) Tapering sea cucumber Holothuria (Metriatyla) scabra Jaeger, 1833 Holothuria (Microthele) nobilis (Selenka, 1867) Noble sea cucumber Holothuria (Selenkothuria) parva Krauss in Lampert, 1885 Banana sea cucumber Holothuria (Semperothuria) cinerascens (Brandt, 1835) Tufted sea cucumber
Family Stichopodidae
Neostichopus grammatus (H.L. Clark, 1923) Warty sea cucumber Stichopus chloronotus Brandt, 1835 Thelenota ananas (Jaeger, 1833) Pineapple sea cucumber
Order Dendrochirotida
Family Cucumariidae
Aslia spyridophora (H.L. Clark, 1923) Grey sea cucumber syn. Cucumaria spyridophora, Pentacucumis spyridophora Pentacta doliolum (Pallas, 1766) Cask sea cucumber, mauve sea cucumber Pseudocnella insolens (Théel, 1886) Red-chested sea cucumber syn. Cucumaria insolens Théel, 1886 Pseudocnella sykion (Lampert, 1885) Black sea cucumber syn. Cucumaria sykion (Lampert, 1885) Roweia stephensoni (John, 1939) Stephenson's sea cucumber syn. Cucumaria stephensoni John, 1939 Roweia frauenfeldi frauenfeldi (Ludwig, 1882) Horseshoe sea cucumber syn. Cucumaria frauenfeldi Ludwig, 1882 Trachasina crucifera (Semper, 1869) syn. Trachythyone crucifera (Semper, 1869)
Family Psolidae
Psolus griffithsi Thandar, 2009
Family Phyllophoridae
Stolus buccalis (Stimpson, 1855) syn. Thyone sacellus (Selenka) Thyone aurea (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) Golden sea cucumber
Notes
References