Aagesen (or Aggesen) is a Danish and Norwegian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Andreas Aagesen (1826–1879), Danish jurist and politician Astrid Aagesen (1883–1965), Danish-Swedish designer Fritz Aagesen (1935–1998), Norwegian writer Karin Ågesen, Danish orienteer Sara Aagesen (born 1976), Spanish politician and chemical engineer Sven Aggesen (c. 1140 to 1150 – ?), Danish historian Truid Aagesen (fl. 1593–1625), Danish composer