Cynodon, from Ancient Greek (), meaning "dog", and (), meaning "tooth", is a genus of plants in the grass family.Richard, Louis Claude Marie, in Persoon, Christiaan Hendrik. 1805. Synopsis Plantarum 1: 85 It is native to warm temperate to tropical regions of the Old World, as well as being cultivated and naturalized in the New World and on many oceanic islands.
Taxonomy The genus name comes from Greek words meaning "dog-tooth". The genus as a whole as well as its species are commonly known as Bermuda grass or dog's tooth grass.
SpeciesBiota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps Cynodon ambiguus (Ohwi) P.M.Peterson Cynodon barberi Rang. & Tadul. – India, Sri Lanka Cynodon convergens F.Muell. Cynodon coursii A.Camus – Madagascar Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. – Old World; introduced in New World and on various islands Cynodon incompletus Nees – southern Africa; introduced in Australia, Argentina Cynodon × magennisii Hurcombe – Limpopo, Gauteng, Mpumalanga; introduced in Texas, Alabama Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst – Africa from Ethiopia to Zimbabwe; introduced in South Africa, West Africa, Saudi Arabia, Philippines, Texas, Florida, Mesoamerica, northern South America, various islands Cynodon plectostachyus (K.Schum.) Pilg. – Chad, East Africa; introduced in Madagascar, Bangladesh, Mexico, West Indies, Paraguay, northeastern Argentina, Texas, California Cynodon prostratus (C.A.Gardner & C.E.Hubb.) P.M.Peterson Cynodon radiatus Roth – China, Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, Madagascar; introduced in Australia, New Guinea Cynodon simonii P.M.Peterson Cynodon tenellus R.Br. Burtt Davy – South Africa, Lesotho; introduced in other parts of Africa plus in scattered locales in Iran, Australia, and the Americas
Formerly includedKew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Several species now considered better suited to other genera, namely Arundo, Bouteloua, Chloris, Cortaderia, Ctenium, Digitaria, Diplachne, Eleusine, Enteropogon, Eragrostis, Eustachys, Gynerium, Leptochloa, Molinia, Muhlenbergia, Phragmites, Poa, Spartina, Tridens, and Trigonochloa.
Cultivation and uses Some species, most commonly C. dactylon, are grown as lawn grasses in warm temperate regions, such as the Sunbelt area of the United States where they are valued for their drought tolerance compared to most other lawn grasses. Propagation is by rhizomes, stolons, or seeds. In some cases it is considered to be a weed; it spreads through lawns and flower beds, where it can be difficult to kill with herbicides without damaging other grasses or plants. It is difficult to pull out because the rhizomes and stolons break readily, and then re-grow.
It is also noted for its common use on the surface of greens on golf courses, as well as football and baseball playing fields.
Recent news reports claim that a Bermuda-derived F1 hybrid called Tifton 85 suddenly started producing cyanide and killed a cattle herd in Texas, US.
References
External links
Genus Cynodon on ITIS Report Cynodon on USDA/Natural Resource Conservation Service