Poniatowski (masculine; feminine: Poniatowska; plural: Poniatowscy) is a Polish surname. It may also be transliterated via Russian language (due to parts of Poland being annexed to the Russian Empire) as Ponyatovsky, Ponyatovskiy or Ponyatovski (feminine: Ponyatovskaya).
Notable people with this surname include members of the Polish noble Poniatowski family and other people: Andrzej Poniatowski (1735–1773), Polish nobleman and military commander Axel Poniatowski (born 1951), French politician Bernard Poniatowski (born 1939), Canadian politician Bogdan Poniatowski (1931–2014), Polish rower Dionizy Poniatowski (1750–1811), Polish military commander Elena Poniatowska (born 1932), Mexican journalist, author and professor Izabella Poniatowska (1730–1801), Polish noblewoman, sister of Stanisław August Józef Poniatowski (1763–1813), Polish military commander, Marshal of the Empire Józef Michał Poniatowski (1814–1873), Polish composer and an operatic tenor Józef Stanisław Poniatowski (1835–1908), Polish nobleman, son of Jozef Michal Kazimierz Poniatowski (1721–1800), Polish nobility and military commander Konstancja Poniatowska (1759–1830), Polish noblewoman, niece of Stanisław August Ladislas Poniatowski (born 1946), French politician Ludwika Maria Poniatowska (1728–1781), Polish noblewoman, sister of Stanisław August Maria Teresa Poniatowska (1760–1834), Polish noblewoman, niece of Stanisław August Michał Jerzy Poniatowski (1736–1794), Polish nobleman Michel Poniatowski (1922–2002), French politician Stanisław Poniatowski (1676–1762), Polish military commander, diplomat, and noble Stanisław Poniatowski (1754–1833), Polish nobleman, politician and diplomat Stanisław August Poniatowski (1732–1798), King of Poland, brother of Izabella and Ludwika