This is a list of Latvian words borrowed from Old East Slavic (or its dialects where particularly ts–ch are merged) during 8th–13th centuries.
Dating + Sound changes in OES Date Change Examples 800±50 no liquid diphthongs before: *xolpъ : kalps [kal̃ps], *xormъ : kārms 825±25 no nasals ... ... ... before: у/ѫ : uoafter: у/ѫ : ū, у : u ... ... ѧ : ē [ę̃] 988? yat ..? before: ѣ : ē [ę̃]after: ѣ : ie 1200±50 yers fall before: ь : i, ъ : uafter: ь1 : ?, ъ1 : ?, ь0/ъ0 : _
Comparison of letters + Vowels Old East SlavicLatvianъ—ьu—iо—аa—a/āуo/ūѫ—ѧo—ēе—ѣe—ē/iẽиī/i/ìeꙑui
+ Consonants Old East SlavicLatvianр—лr—lн—м—вn—m—vб—пb—pд—тd—tз—сz—sж—цž—cг—к—хg—k—k
+ Other Old East SlavicLatvianлꙗļaꙗjãкꙑķīхꙑķī
List of words List structure: Old East Slavic: Latvian "meaning" [] contain alternative/other form
Orthodoxy крьстъ: krusts [krists] "cross". Possibly 'u' from Latin crux "cross". божьница: baznīca [baznîca] "church". говѣти: gavēt [gavêt] "to fast" грамота: grāmata [grãmata] "book" грѣхъ: grēks [grę̀ks] "sin" хоругꙑ: karogs [karuõgs] "flag, banner" недѣлꙗ: nedēļa [nedẽļa] "week" *свѧтъкъ [свꙗтокъ]: svētki [svę̀tki] "holiday, celebration" свѧтъ: svēts [svę̀ts] "holy, sacred" звонъ: zvans "bell" поганъ: pagãns "pagan, heathen". Alternatively from Latin.
Society or government рѫбежь: robeža [rùobeža] "border, frontier" сѫдъ: sods [sùods] "penalty, punishment". тълкъ: tulks [tũlks, tul̃ks] "interpreter, translator" погостъ: pagasts "parish?" право: prāva [prāvas] "lawsuit?" пълкъ: pulks [pùlks, pul̂ks] "regiment" страдати: strādāt [stràdât] "to work" человѣкъ [*чьловѣкъ]: cilvēks [cìlvę̃ks] "human, person" мѣсто: miẽsts "village" боꙗринъ: bajãrs "boyar" сѫди: sùoģis "judge"
Trading търгъ: tirgus [tìrgus] "market". Unless related ('ъ' > 'u' is expected). безмѣнъ: bezmēns [bęzmę̄ns, vęzmę̄ns] "steelyard" цѣна: cena "price" мꙑто: muita [muĩta] "customs (duty)" скѫпъ: skops [skùops] "stingy, miserly"
Household кожухъ: kažoks [kažuõks] "fur coat" мѫка: mokas [muõkas] "torment, agony" сума: soma [suoma] "bag" истъба: istaba [istuba, ustaba, ustuba] "room (building)" дуда: dūdas [dũda] "bagpipe" котьлъ: katls "boiler" кꙑсель: ķīselis "kissel" мѧтьлъ: mētelis [mètelis] "coat (garment)" сапогъ [забогъ]: zābaks (zàbaks) "boot (footwear)". жьзлъ: zizlis [zizls] "wand, baton" ножь: nazis "knife" стькло: stikls "glass"
Other *Кривъ: krìevs "Russian (person)". Compare Russian кривичи "Krivichs". пустъ: posts [puõsts] богатъ: bagāts [bagâts] "rich, wealthy" думати: domāt [duõmât] "to think" дума: doma [duõma] "thought, idea, opinion" умъ: oma [uôma] "mood (mind)". Or at least partly inherited. сулити: solīt [sùolît] "to promise" хꙑтръ: neķītrs "obscene, dirty, lewd" поваръ: pavārs [pavãrs] "cook" капуста: kāposti [kàpuõsts] "cabbage" сѣра: sērs [sę̃rs] "sulfur" бѣда: bēda [bę̀da] "sorrow, grief"
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Further reading