Haplogroup H10e is a human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup. It is defined by mutation C16221T. It is between 5,700 and 7,000 years old.

Origins According to Behar et al., the woman who founded this line was estimated to have lived between 2,400 and 7,000 years ago. From a Neolithic burial at the Bom Santo cave (near Lisbon/Portugal), however, we know that H10e existed already at 3735 BCE ± 45 years. Hence H10e is at least 5,753 years old.

Almost a thousand years later an H10e find was associated with a Corded Ware Culture burial in Eulau. The site Eulau, Burgenlandkreis, is located in the valley of the Saale river in Germany. What is interesting to note in this context, is that H10e was first found at the Bom Santo cave which is located near the epicenter of the birth of the Bell Beaker culture. Then the find at Eulau was geographically located at the boundary between the Bell Beaker area of influence and the Corded Ware Culture area of influence. Therefore, we may see evidence that some women of Bell Beaker ethnic origin became part of the Corded Ware Culture.

Descendant branches Haplogroup H10e has currently three descendent branches, namely H10e1, H10e2 and H10e3, that are recognized by PhyloTree. Additional branches, from H10e4 through H10e9, were named by YFull.YFull MTree 1.02.21282 (as of 13 January 2024) YFull's H10e5 and H10e8 were later adopted by FamilyTreeDNA, whose Mitotree adds additional branches through H10e46.

Archeological record Haplogroup H10e has been found at a neolithic site, namely the Bom Santo cave near Lisbon, Portugal. This is the oldest sample of H10 which has ever been found and it has been dated to about 3735 BCE (± 45 years). Out of 14 individuals analyzed there was only a single sample belonging to haplogroup H, namely a migrant male belonging to haplogroup H10e.

In 2008 mitochondrial DNA was extracted from a gravesite in Eulau (2,600 BCE) which has been associated with the Corded Ware Culture. Haplogroup H10e was found in one individual out of nine tested.

Furthermore, H10e has been found in a 10th-century sample from a male individual buried at the Zvonimirovo cemetery site in Croatia.

There is also a strong Viking component with this haplogroup. The following samples from Scandianavia of the Viking age have all been associated with H10e: + Viking era archeological samples of H10e from ScandinaviaCountryAgeRegionSexmtDNA HaplogroupLaboratory IDSweden900-1050 ADGotlandMaleH10eGotland_Kopparsvik-212/65Denmark850-900 ADSealandFemaleH10e1Denmark_Lejre Grav 804Estonia8th century ADSaaremaaMaleH10eEstonia_Salme_I-7Estonia8th century ADSaaremaaMaleH10eEstonia_Salme_II-K H10e has been found twice at the medieval Tuukkala archeological site in Finland. The Tuukkala site is located in north eastern Finland and has been dated to 1200 AD – 1400 AD. Two individuals (TU631 and TU645) both shared the same H10e-haplotype.

H10e has also been found in two individuals from the early 17th century at Jamestown, Virginia.

GenBank samples

The following sequences that are informative of the past and present distributions of haplogroup H10e are among those that are part of the public database GenBank.

HaplogroupGenBank IDPopulationSourceH10eHQ662520FrenchFamilyTreeDNAH10eJX153206FinlandRaule 2014H10eJX153631FinlandRaule 2014H10eJX171093FinlandSoini 2012H10eKF161060DenmarkLi 2014H10eKF161301DenmarkLi 2014H10eKF162739DenmarkLi 2014H10eKM576763SwedishFamilyTreeDNAH10eKY670894RussiaMalyarchuk 2017H10eMF070512SwedishFamilyTreeDNAH10eMG009577EnglishFamilyTreeDNAH10eMN540515ancient FinlandÖversti 2019H10eMN540519ancient FinlandÖversti 2019H10eMN888511GermanyFamilyTreeDNAH10eMT232751EnglishYSEQH10eOR438625PolandPiotrowska-Nowak 2023H10ePV955071Ibiza, SpainCalafell 2025H10e1aOM194244KazakhAskapuli 2022H10e1dPP974320BelarusFamilyTreeDNAH10e1dKF162232DenmarkLi 2014H10e1dKF162434DenmarkLi 2014H10e2HM101252EnglishFamilyTreeDNAH10e2KF162694DenmarkLi 2014H10e2MG646161PolandPiotrowska-Nowak 2019H10e2OR438506PolandPiotrowska-Nowak 2023H10e3MF464490RussianFamilyTreeDNAH10e3MZ846245ShetlandDulias 2022H10e3MZ846248ShetlandDulias 2022H10e3MZ846250ShetlandDulias 2022H10e3MZ846346ShetlandDulias 2022H10e3MZ846703ShetlandDulias 2022H10e3aKF162333DenmarkLi 2014H10e3aMZ846610ShetlandDulias 2022H10e3aMZ846743OrkneyDulias 2022H10e3aMZ846755OrkneyDulias 2022H10e3aMZ846781OrkneyDulias 2022H10e3aMZ847073OrkneyDulias 2022H10e3aMZ847222OrkneyDulias 2022H10e3aMZ847226OrkneyDulias 2022H10e3aMZ847710OrkneyDulias 2022H10e3aMZ847741OrkneyDulias 2022H10e3aMZ847750OrkneyDulias 2022H10e3aMZ847752OrkneyDulias 2022

Prominent members of H10e Pierre Terrail (1473 – 30 April 1524), seigneur de Bayard, the legendary medieval French knight "without fear and beyond reproach", is thought to have carried mtDNA haplogroup H10e. This has been determined by DNA-testing both his exhumed remains and DNA-matching with living relatives on the maternal line.

Marguerite de Baugé, dame de Mirabel (1200–1252), is an ancestor of Pierre Terrail and the presently oldest known member of H10e with an unbroken genealogical tree on the maternal line up the present.

Sir Ferdinando Wenman (abt.1575-1610) and Captain William West (abt.1586-1610), kinsmen of the Virginia colony's first Governor, Thomas West, Third Baron De La Warr.

References