Málaga is one of the 59 constituencies represented in the Senate of Spain, the upper chamber of the Spanish parliament, the . The constituency (whose boundaries correspond to those of the homonymous province) elects four senators. The electoral system uses open list partial block voting, with electors voting for individual candidates instead of parties. Electors can vote for up to three candidates.

Electoral system The constituency was created as per the Political Reform Law and was first contested in the 1977 general election. The Law provided for the provinces of Spain to be established as multi-member districts in the Senate,. with this regulation being maintained under the Spanish Constitution of 1978.. Additionally, the Constitution requires for any modification of the provincial limits to be approved under an organic law, needing an absolute majority in the Cortes Generales..

Voting is based on universal suffrage, comprising all Spanish nationals over 18 years of age with full political rights, provided that they have not been deprived of the right to vote by a final sentence.. The only exception was in 1977, when this was limited to nationals over 21 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political and civil rights.; . Amendments in 2011 required non-resident citizens to apply for voting, a system known as "begged" voting ().. which was abolished in 2022. Further, amendments in 2018 granted the right to vote to those legally incapacitated. 209 Senate seats (207 in 1977, 208 from 1978 to 2026) are elected using open-list partial block voting: voters in constituencies electing four seats can choose up to three candidates; in those with two or three seats, up to two; and in single-member districts, one. Each of the 47 peninsular provinces is allocated four seats, while in insular provinces—such as the Balearic and Canary Islands—the districts are the islands themselves, with the larger ones (Mallorca, Gran Canaria and Tenerife) being allocated three seats each, and the smaller ones (Menorca, Ibiza, Formentera, Fuerteventura, La Gomera, El Hierro, Lanzarote and La Palma) one each. Ceuta and Melilla elect two seats each.; ; . Until 1985, the law also provided for by-elections to fill Senate seats vacated up to two years into the legislature; subsequently, any vacancies arising after the proclamation of candidates and during the legislative term are filled by the next candidates on the party lists or, when required, by designated substitutes.; .

The electoral law allows for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, alliances and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form an alliance are required to inform the relevant electoral commission within 10 days of the election call—15 before 1985—whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election—one permille of the electorate, with a compulsory minimum of 500 signatures, until 1985—disallowing electors from signing for more than one list. Also since 2011, parties, federations or alliances that have not obtained a mandate in either chamber of the at the preceding election are required to secure the signature of at least 0.1 percent of electors in the aforementioned constituencies.; . Amendments in 2007 required a balanced composition of men and women in the electoral lists, so that candidates of either sex made up at least 40 percent of the total composition; further amendments in 2024 required the use of a zipper system..

Senators Senators for Málaga 1977– Legislature Election Distribution Constituent 1977 3 1 1st 1979 3 1 2nd 1982 3 1 3rd 1986 3 1 4th 1989 3 1 5th 1993 3 1 6th 1996 3 1 7th 2000 1 3 8th 2004 3 1 9th 2008 3 1 10th 2011 1 3 11th 2015 1 3 12th 2016 1 3 13th 2019 (Apr) 3 1 14th 2019 (Nov) 3 1 15th 2023 1 3

General elections 2023 + Summary of the 23 July 2023 Senate of Spain election results Candidates Parties and coalitions Popular vote Votes % José Alberto Armijo Navas PP 300,592 39.50 Ángel Luis González Muñoz PP 287,977 37.84 Lucía Yeves Leal PP 284,278 37.36 Rafael Granados Ruiz PSOE 235,312 30.92 • María Dolores Narváez Bandera PSOE 230,786 30.33 • Salvador Javier Rojas Merino PSOE 215,656 28.34 • Juan Jesús Ruiz Ballesteros Vox 110,154 14.47 • Gemma María Palomo Ferrer Vox 101,031 13.27 • Patricia García Leiva Sumar 96,557 12.68 • Alejandro Reyes Rabell Vox 95,534 12.55 • Ángel Rodríguez Ramírez Sumar 77,198 10.14 • Noemí Vinuesa Calleja Sumar 75,303 9.89 • Carmen Inmaculada Sánchez Carmona PACMA 15,065 1.97 • Eva Ramos Taillefer PACMA 8,951 1.17 • Federico José Cuesta Torres PACMA 8,939 1.17 • María Carmen Mestanza Garrido PUM+J 4,649 0.61 • Francisco José Rodríguez Marín Recortes Cero 2,888 0.37 • Alfonso González Extremera CJ 1,959 0.25 Blank ballots 13,744 1.80 Total 2,166,573 Valid votes 760,900 96.94 Invalid votes 23,995 3.05 Votes cast / turnout 784,895 67.10 Abstentions 384,788 32.89 Registered voters 1,169,683 Sources November 2019 + Summary of the 10 November 2019 Senate of Spain election results in Málaga Candidates Parties and coalitions Popular vote Votes % Miguel Ángel Heredia Díaz PSOE 227,084 30.71 Estefanía Martín Palop PSOE 220,436 29.81 María Ángeles Muñoz Uriol PP 218,244 29.52 José Aurelio Aguilar Román PSOE 209,692 28.36 • Joaquín Luis Ramírez Rodríguez PP 199,203 26.94 • María Nieves Atencia Fernández PP 167,498 22.65 • Pablo Fernando Sáenz de Tejada Ariza Vox 146,233 19.78 • Aydé Salomón Ganado Podemos–IULV–CA 92,807 12.55 • Ernesto Alba Aragón Podemos–IULV–CA 84,129 11.38 • Juan Antonio Vargas Ramírez Cs 78,268 10.59 • Salvador Pérez Mata Podemos–IULV–CA 77,058 10.42 • María Pilar Conejo Ruiz Cs 67,232 9.09 • Sergio Gómez Gutiérrez Cs 55,749 7.54 • Cristina García Salazar PACMA 21,220 2.87 • Francisco Soler Luque Más País–Andalucía 19,103 2.58 • Vicente Manuel Corrales Rosado PACMA 13,098 1.77 • Marta Marín Arrabal PACMA 12,502 1.69 • Juan José Segura Palacios AxSí 3,885 0.53 • María Dolores García Sánchez PUM+J 3,099 0.42 • María Gloria Fernández Ruiz PCPA 2,863 0.39 • Lourdes Fernández Navas AxSí 2,813 0.38 • Francisco José Rodríguez Marín Recortes Cero–GV 2,709 0.37 • Isabel Fernández Morales Recortes Cero–GV 2,036 0.28 • Salvador González Agüera AxSí 1,730 0.23 • Rafael Núñez Ruiz Recortes Cero–GV 1,468 0.20 Blank ballots 15,629 2.11 Total 739,346 Valid votes 739,346 96.85 Invalid votes 24,019 3.15 Votes cast / turnout 763,365 63.74 Abstentions 434,323 36.26 Registered voters 1,197,688 Sources

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1977

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