Prior to the 2019 decision by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), the Russian Federation was expected to compete at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, which took place from 23 July to 8 August 2021 because of the COVID-19 pandemic. It would have been the country's seventh consecutive appearance at the Summer Olympics as an independent nation; however, their athletes were entered and represented under the "Russian Olympic Committee" using the acronym "ROC" due to the consequences of the doping scandal in the country. The team finished fifth in the medal standings with 20 gold and 71 total medals, winning 1 gold medal and 15 total medal more than five years prior. The Soviet Union/Unified Team/Russia/ROC never finished below fifth since they started competing in 1952. This was ROC' first and only appearance at the Summer Olympics as Belarus along with Russia was barred from competing at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris as a result of the ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine.

This was the outcome of a decision by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) on 9 December 2019, banning Russia from all international sport for four years, after it had been found that data provided by the Russian Anti-Doping Agency had been manipulated by Russian authorities with a goal of protecting athletes involved in its state-sponsored doping scheme. As at the 2018 Winter Olympics, WADA would allow individual cleared Russian athletes to compete neutrally under a title to be determined (which may not include the name "Russia", unlike the use of "Olympic Athletes from Russia" in 2018).

Russia later filed an appeal to the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) against the WADA decision. The Court of Arbitration for Sport, on review of Russia's appeal of its case from WADA, ruled on 17 December 2020 to reduce the penalty that WADA had placed. Instead of banning Russia from sporting events, the ruling allowed Russia to participate at the Olympics and other international events, but for a period of two years, the team cannot use the Russian name, flag, or anthem and must present themselves as "Neutral Athlete" or "Neutral Team". The ruling does allow for team uniforms to display "Russia" on the uniform as well as the use of the Russian flag colors within the uniform's design, although the name should be up to equal predominance as the "Neutral Athlete/Team" designation. Russia can appeal the decision.

On 19 February 2021, it was announced that Russia would compete under the acronym "ROC", after the name of the Russian Olympic Committee. On aftermatch, the IOC announced that the Russian national flag would be substituted by the flag of the Russian Olympic Committee. It would also be allowed to use team uniforms featuring the logo of the Russian Olympic Committee, or the acronym "ROC" would be added.AP News: Russia’s flag banned but national colors on Olympic uniforms

On 15 April 2021, the uniforms for the Russian Olympic Committee athletes were unveiled, featuring the colours of the Russian flag. On 22 April 2021, the replacement for Russia's anthem was approved by the IOC, after an earlier choice of the patriotic Russian war song "Katyusha" was rejected. A fragment of Pyotr Tchaikovsky's Piano Concerto No. 1 is used.

On 23 July 2021, the Russian Olympic Committee athletes appeared at the opening ceremony of the 2020 Summer Olympics. With the usage of traditional Japanese characters order, named Gojūon, ROC is not translated into Japanese script and was pronounced āru ō shī, so it placed 77th in the parade, and not as scheduled just after the Refugee Olympic Team (ai ō shī) as had been announced. Representatives of the Russian Olympic Committee did not have Japanese transcription on the back of their nametag, which was carried in front. Channel 1, which was broadcasting the ceremonies, attributed this to the inability to display the name "ROC" in Japanese characters.

The opening ceremony flag-bearers for the ROC are fencer Sofya Velikaya and volleyball player Maxim Mikhaylov. Wrestler Abdulrashid Sadulaev is the flag-bearer for the closing ceremony.

Medalists

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Medal Name Sport Event Date Shooting Women's 10 m air pistol Fencing Women's sabre David BelyavskiyArtur DalaloyanNikita Nagornyy Gymnastics Men's artistic team all-around Taekwondo Men's 80 kg Swimming Men's 100 m backstroke Viktoria ListunovaAngelina MelnikovaVladislava Urazova Gymnastics Women's artistic team all-around Taekwondo Men's +80 kg Larisa KorobeynikovaMarta MartyanovaAdelina Zagidullina Fencing Women's team foil Swimming Men's 200 m backstroke Shooting Women's 25 m pistol Sofia PozdniakovaSofya Velikaya Fencing Women's team sabre Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova Tennis Mixed doubles Wrestling Men's Greco-Roman 97 kg Svetlana Romashina Artistic swimming Women's duet Boxing Men's featherweight Wrestling Men's freestyle 57 kg Wrestling Men's freestyle 74 kg Marina GoliadkinaSvetlana KolesnichenkoPolina KomarAlexandra PatskevichSvetlana RomashinaAlla ShishkinaMaria Shurochkina Artistic swimming Women's team Wrestling Men's freestyle 97 kg Athletics Women's high jump Shooting Women's 10 m air rifle Elena OsipovaKsenia Perova Archery Women's team Fencing Women's foil Taekwondo Women's 57 kg Fencing Women's sabre Swimming Men's 100 m backstroke Artem Chernousov Shooting Mixed 10 m air pistol team Ivan GirevAleksandr KrasnykhMartin MalyutinEvgeny RylovMikhail Vekovishchev Swimming Men's 4 × 200 m freestyle relay Olga FrolkinaYulia KozikAnastasia Logunova Basketball Women's 3x3 tournament Kirill PisklovStanislav SharovAlexander Zuev Basketball Men's 3x3 tournament Elena Oriabinskaia Rowing Women's coxless pair Rowing Women's single sculls Archery Women's individual Nikita GlazkovSergey KhodosPavel Sukhov Fencing Men's team épée Shooting Women's 50 m rifle three positions Tennis Men's singles Gymnastics Women's uneven bars Kirill BorodachevVladislav MylnikovTimur Safin Fencing Men's team foil Elena Vesnina Tennis Mixed doubles Shooting Men's 50 m rifle three positions Gymnastics Men's vault Athletics Women's pole vault Boxing Men's heavyweight Oleg Stoyanovskiy Volleyball Men's beach Gymnastics Women's rhythmic individual all-around ROC men's volleyball team Volleyball Men's tournament Anastasia BliznyukAnastasia MaksimovaAngelina ShkatovaAnastasia TatarevaAlisa Tishchenko Gymnastics Women's rhythmic group all-around ROC women's handball team Handball Women's tournament Taekwondo Men's 58 kg Fencing Women's foil Viktor Minibaev Diving Men's synchronized 10 m platform Sergey Kamenskiy Shooting Mixed 10 m air rifle team Judo Women's 70 kg Gymnastics Men's artistic individual all-around Swimming Men's 100 m freestyle Judo Men's 100 kg Gymnastics Women's artistic individual all-around Judo Men's +100 kg Shooting Women's 50 m rifle three positions Boxing Men's light heavyweight Boxing Men's welterweight Anastasia Voynova Cycling Women's team sprint Gymnastics Women's floor Wrestling Men's Greco-Roman 60 kg Wrestling Men's Greco-Roman 130 kg Gymnastics Men's horizontal bar Boxing Men's middleweight Wrestling Men's freestyle 86 kg Boxing Women's middleweight Maria Novolodskaya Cycling Women's madison Wrestling Men's freestyle 65 kg |style="text-align:left; width:22%; vertical-align:top;"|

Medals by sportSportTotal Archery 0 2 0 2 Artistic swimming 2 0 0 2 Athletics 1 1 0 2 Basketball 0 2 0 2 Boxing 1 1 4 6 Cycling 0 0 2 2 Diving 0 0 1 1 Fencing 3 4 1 8 Gymnastics 2 4 4 10 Handball 0 1 0 1 Judo 0 0 3 3 Rowing 0 2 0 2 Shooting 2 4 2 8 Swimming 2 2 1 5 Taekwondo 2 1 1 4 Tennis 1 2 0 3 Volleyball 0 2 0 2 Wrestling 4 0 4 8 Total 20 28 23 71

Medals by dateDayDate Total1July 24 0 1 122July 25 1 3 153July 26 3 1 154July 27 3 2 165July 28 0 3 256July 29 1 1 357July 30 2 3 168July 31 1 1 139August 1 1 4 2710August 2 0 2 4611August 3 1 0 1212August 4 1 0 0113August 5 2 1 2514August 6 1 1 2415August 7 3 3 1716August 8 0 2 02Total20282371

Medals by genderGender TotalPercentageFemale91583245.1%Male1011143549.3%Mixed12145.6% Total20282371 100%

Competitors The following is the list of number of competitors participating in the Games: SportMenWomenTotalArchery 1 3 4Artistic swimming — 8 8Athletics 6 4 10Badminton 3 1 4Basketball 4 4 8Boxing 7 4 11Canoeing 9 8 17Cycling 9 9 18Diving 4 3 7Equestrian 2 3 5Fencing 12 11 23Gymnastics 8 15 23Handball 0 14 14Judo 7 6 13Karate 0 1 1Modern pentathlon 1 2 3Rowing 3 7 10Rugby sevens 0 12 12Sailing 4 2 6Shooting 8 9 17Sport climbing 1 2 3Swimming 21 15 36Table tennis 1 2 3Taekwondo 3 1 4Tennis 4 4 8Triathlon 2 2 4Volleyball 16 14 30Water polo 0 12 12Weightlifting 1 1 2Wrestling 11 6 17 Total 148 185 333

Archery

Three Russian archers qualified for the women's events by reaching the quarterfinal stage of the women's team recurve at the 2019 World Archery Championships in 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands.

AthleteEventRanking roundRound of 64Round of 32Round of 16QuarterfinalsSemifinalsFinal / ScoreSeedOppositionScoreOppositionScoreOppositionScoreOppositionScoreOppositionScoreOppositionScoreRankGalsan BazarzhapovMen's individual65334L 0–6Did not advanceSvetlana GomboevaWomen's individual63045L 5–6Did not advanceElena Osipova65122W 6–4W 6–4W 6–0W 7–1W 6–0L 5–6Ksenia Perova6648W 7–1 W 7–3 L 5–6Did not advanceSvetlana GomboevaElena OsipovaKsenia PerovaWomen's team19456colspan=2 W 6–2W 6–0W 5–1L 0–6Galsan BazarzhapovKsenia PerovaMixed team131710 Qcolspan=2 L 2–6Did not advance

Artistic swimming

ROC fielded a squad of eight artistic swimmers to compete in the women's duet and team events, by winning the 2019 LEN European Champions Cup.

AthleteEventFree routine (preliminary)Technical routineFree routine (final)PointsRankPointsTotal (technical + free(pre))RankPointsTotal (technical + free)RankSvetlana Kolesnichenko Svetlana RomashinaDuet97.9000197.1079 195.00791 Q98.8000195.9079Vlada ChigirevaMarina GoliadkinaSvetlana KolesnichenkoPolina KomarAlexandra PatskevichSvetlana RomashinaAlla ShishkinaMaria ShurochkinaTeamcolspan=2 97.2979198.8000196.0979

Athletics

No more than 10 Authorised Neutral Athletes will be granted by World Athletics to the Russian Olympic Committee. On 1 May 2021, only four Russian athletes were granted this status. On 22 May 2021, 23 Russian athletes were granted this status. On 27 June 2021, 123 Russian athletes were granted this status.

Track & road events AthleteEventHeatSemifinalFinalTimeRankTimeRankTimeRankSergey ShubenkovMen's 110 m hurdlesDid not advanceVasiliy MizinovMen's 20 km walkcolspan=4 Elvira KhasanovaWomen's 20 km walkcolspan=4 1:31:58 16

Field events AthleteEventQualificationFinalDistancePositionDistancePositionMikhail AkimenkoMen's high jump 2.28 1 q2.33 =SB6Ilya Ivanyuk 2.28 6 q2.30 9Valeriy PronkinMen's hammer throw75.80 11 q76.728Darya KlishinaWomen's long jump—Did not advanceMariya LasitskeneWomen's high jump1.95 9 Q2.04Anzhelika SidorovaWomen's pole vault4.551 q4.85

Combined events – Men's decathlon AthleteEventFinalRankIlya ShkurenyovResult10.937.5914.951.9948.98 14.43 47.02 5.10 60.95 4:34.62 8413 8Points876957787794862920 809 941 752 715

Badminton

Four Russian badminton players have been entered in the following events into the Olympic tournament based on the BWF Race to Tokyo Rankings.

AthleteEventGroup stageEliminationQuarterfinalSemifinalFinal / OppositionScoreOppositionScoreOppositionScoreRankOppositionScoreOppositionScoreOppositionScoreOppositionScoreRankSergey SirantMen's singlesW (21–18, 21–18)L (12–21, 10–21)2Did not advanceEvgeniya KosetskayaWomen's singlesW (22–20, 21–15)L (6–21, 16–21)2Did not advanceVladimir IvanovIvan SozonovMen's doublesL (13–21, 18–21)L (19–21, 19–21)W (21–8, 21–10)3Did not advance

Basketball

3×3 basketball Summary