__NOTOC__ This is a timeline of Austrian history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Austria and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see history of Austria.

Centuries: 10th11th12th13th14th15th16th17th18th19th20th21st

10th century Year Date Event 955 10 August Battle of Lechfeld (955): An East Frankish army under king Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor trapped a Hungarian army behind the Lech and wiped it out, saving the city of Augsburg and extending East Frankish territory eastward. 960 Burkhard, Margrave of Austria was created margrave of the Eastern March, comprising territories recently conquered from the Hungarians, under the lordship of the Duchy of Bavaria and its duke, his sister-in-law's husband Henry II, Duke of Bavaria. 976 Henry II, duke of Bavaria, launched a revolt in his duchy against Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor, the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. Burkhard joined him. Otto II, emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, conquered Regensburg, the Bavarian capital, then in revolt. An Imperial Diet of the Holy Roman Empire at Regensburg formally stripped Henry II, Duke of Bavaria of his duchy and appointed Otto I, Duke of Swabia and Bavaria, nephew of Otto II, the Holy Roman Emperor, and already duke of Swabia, duke of Bavaria. 21 July Leopold I the Illustrious, Margrave of Austria, a count of Babenberg, replaced Burkhard as margrave of the Bavarian Eastern March. 984 Leopold the Illustrious captured the fortress at Melk, the last redoubt of Burkhard's partisans, and established his capital there. 987 Leopold the Illustrious conquered territory extending to the Vienna Woods. 991 Leopold the Illustrious conquered territory extending to the Fischa. 994 8 July Leopold the Illustrious was struck in the eye by an arrow at a tournament in Würzburg. 10 July Leopold the Illustrious died. Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor, king of Kingdom of Germany, appointed Leopold the Illustrious's son Henry I the Strong, Margrave of Austria margrave of the Eastern March. 996 1 November The term Ostarrîchi was first used, possibly in reference to a small fief within the Eastern March.

11th century Year Date Event 1002 Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor, then duke of Bavaria and King of the Romans, added the land between the Kamp and Morava rivers and some territory southwest of Vienna to the territory of Austria. 1018 23 June Henry the Strong died from wounds he suffered in battle against Bolesław I the Brave, duke of Poland. He was succeeded as margrave by his younger brother Adalbert the Victorious, Margrave of Austria. 1055 26 May Adalbert the Victorious died in the Austrian capital Melk. He was succeeded by his son Ernest the Brave, Margrave of Austria. 1062 April Coup of Kaiserswerth: Anno II, archbishop of Cologne, kidnapped the young Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, then King of the Romans, and demanded that his mother and regent Agnes of Poitou hand over the Imperial Regalia to his coconspirators. 1065 29 March An accolade ceremony was held in Mainz recognizing the majority of Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor. 1073 29 June Saxon Rebellion: The Saxon nobility, at the head of a large army, came to the Imperial Palace of Goslar to protest the frequent stays of Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, king of Germany, on their territory and his promotion of local ministeriales. The king fled. 1074 2 February Saxon Rebellion: Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, king of Germany signed the Treaty of Gerstungen agreeing to restore the rebel duke Otto of Nordheim in Bavaria. 1075 9 June Battle of Langensalza (1075): Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, king of Kingdom of Germany, and a number of his vassals, including Ernest the Brave, destroyed a Saxon army composed largely of peasant draftees near what is now Bad Langensalza. Ernest the Brave was killed. He was succeeded by his son Leopold II the Fair, Margrave of Austria. Investiture Controversy: The pope Pope Gregory VII composed the Dictatus papae, declaring that his office was granted by God, and that he had the right to depose emperors, as well as the sole authority to appoint and transfer bishops. Investiture Controversy: Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, king of Germany, reasserted his right to appoint bishops in a letter in which he addressed the pope, Pope Gregory VII, as a false monk and called for his removal. 1078 Investiture Controversy: Altmann of Passau, bishop of Passau, fled to Austria following the invasion of his diocese by supporters of Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, the king of Germany. 1079 Investiture Controversy: Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, king of Germany, invaded Austria in pursuit of the fugitive bishop Altmann of Passau. 1081 6 August Leopold the Fair supported the election at Forchheim of Hermann of Salm, count of Salm, as king of Germany in opposition to Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor. Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, king of Germany, deposed Leopold the Fair and granted his territory to Vratislaus II of Bohemia, duke of Bohemia. 1082 12 May Battle of Mailberg: A Bohemian army invading in support of the claim of Vratislaus II of Bohemia decisively defeated the Austrians at Mailberg. 1095 12 October Leopold the Fair died. He was succeeded as margrave of Austria by his son Leopold III the Good, Margrave of Austria.

12th century Year Date Event 1103 Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, issued the Landfrieden, establishing some rules on the resolution of disputes between rulers of states of the Empire. 1104 Investiture Controversy: Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor, king of Germany and son and heir of Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, rebelled against his father at the urging of the pope Pope Paschal II. December Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, was forced at an Imperial Diet at Mainz to abdicate in favor of his son Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor, then king of Germany. 1106 Leopold the Good married Agnes of Waiblingen, sister of Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor, the king of Germany. 1136 15 November Leopold the Good died. He was succeeded as margrave of Austria by his son Leopold the Generous, Duke of Bavaria. 1137 Leopold the Generous granted the Peterskirche in Vienna to the prince-bishop of Passau in exchange for some territory outside the city. 1138 7 March 1138 Imperial election: Conrad III of Germany was elected King of the Romans at Koblenz, defeating Henry X, Duke of Bavaria, duke of Bavaria, Saxony and Spoleto and margrave of Tuscany. July Henry X, Duke of Bavaria announced his refusal to recognize Conrad III of Germany as King of the Romans. In return, Conrad banned him and deprived him of both of his German duchies, granting Bavaria to his supporter Leopold the Generous. 1141 18 October Leopold the Generous died. He was succeeded as margrave of Austria and duke of Bavaria by his younger brother Henry II Jasomirgott, Duke of Austria. 1145 Henry Jasomirgott established his residence in Vienna. 1156 Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor, emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, restored the House of Welf to the Duchy of Bavaria in the person of Henry the Lion, son of Henry X, Duke of Bavaria. 17 September To compensate Babenberg for their loss of Bavaria, Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor, emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, issued the Privilegium Minus, elevating Austria to an independent duchy. 1176 November Henry Jasomirgott broke his hip falling with his horse from a bridge near Melk. 1177 13 January Henry Jasomirgott died in Vienna. He was succeeded by his son Leopold V the Virtuous, Duke of Austria. 1186 17 August Leopold the Virtuous and Ottokar IV, Duke of Styria, duke of Styria, signed the Georgenberg Pact, under which the former was to succeed the latter on his death. In exchange, Leopold the Virtuous promised to maintain the rights of the Styrian estates and citizens. 1187 2 October Siege of Jerusalem (1187): The city of Jerusalem fell to an Ayyubid siege. The capital of the Kingdom of Jerusalem was moved to Tyre, Lebanon. 29 October Third Crusade: The pope Pope Gregory VIII issued the audita tremendi calling for a crusade to reconquer Jerusalem from the Ayyubid dynasty. 1189 August Siege of Acre (1189–1191): Guy of Lusignan, jure uxoris king of Jerusalem, laid siege to the Ayyubid city of Acre, Israel. 1191 Siege of Acre (1189–1191): Leopold the Virtuous took command of the crusader army at Acre, Israel. July Siege of Acre (1189–1191): Acre, Israel fell to the crusaders. The flags of Jerusalem, France, England and Austria were raised on the ramparts. Richard I of England, king of England, ordered the Austrian flag torn down. 1192 8 May Ottokar IV, Duke of Styria, duke of Styria, died of leprosy. He was succeeded by Leopold the Virtuous. Richard I of England, king of England, was arrested in Vienna for the April murder of Conrad of Montferrat, the king of Jerusalem and cousin to Leopold the Virtuous. 1193 19 April English king Richard I of England was released from his captivity at Trifels Castle following the payment of a substantial ransom to Austria and the Holy Roman Empire. 1194 31 December Leopold the Virtuous died of gangrene after a botched amputation of his foot, injured at a tournament in Graz. He was succeeded as duke of Austria by one son, Frederick I the Catholic, Duke of Austria, and as duke of Styria by another, Leopold VI the Glorious, Duke of Austria. 1196 The pope Pope Celestine III censured the late Leopold the Virtuous and his house for his imprisonment and ransoming of Richard I of England, king of England and a fellow crusader. 1197 April Crusade of 1197: Frederick the Catholic left Austria on a crusade organized by Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, to reconquer Jerusalem for the Kingdom of Jerusalem and convince the pope Pope Celestine III to support his claim to Sicily. December An army of Austrians and Hungarian nobles loyal to Andrew II of Hungary, then without title, defeated a Hungarian royal army at Mački. 1198 Emeric, King of Hungary, king of Hungary, was forced to appoint his younger brother Andrew II of Hungary duke in Croatia and Dalmatia. 16 April Frederick the Catholic died of illness at Acre, Israel. He was succeeded as duke of Austria by his younger brother Leopold the Glorious. 1199 Emeric, King of Hungary, king of Hungary, defeated his brother Andrew II of Hungary, duke in Croatia and Dalmatia, at Lake Balaton and forced him to flee into Austria. 1200 Andrew II of Hungary, then a refugee in Austria, was peacefully restored to power as duke in Croatia and Dalmatia.

13th century