Jiljilyya () is a Palestinian village in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate in the northern West Bank.
Location Jiljilyya is located (horizontally) northeast of Ramallah. It is bordered by Al Mazra'a ash Sharqiya to the east, Sinjil to the east and north, 'Abwein to the north, west and south, and by Silwad to the south.
History
Several scholars have identified Jiljliya as one of several biblical places named Gilgal. Pottery sherds from the Iron Age II,Finkelstein et al, 1997, p. 557 Roman, ByzantineDauphin, 1998, p. 823 Byzantine/Umayyad, and the Crusader/Ayyubid eras have been found here.
Ottoman era The village was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517 with all of Palestine, and in 1596 it appeared in the Ottoman tax registers as Jinjiliyya, being in the nahiya (subdistrict) of Quds, part of the liwa (district) of Quds. It had a population of 8 households, all Muslims. The villagers paid a fixed tax rate of 33.3% on various agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, olive trees, vineyards, fruit trees, goats and/or beehives, in addition to "occasional revenues"; a total of 2,600 akçe.Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 119 Pottery sherds from the early Ottoman era have also been found here.
In 1838 Edward Robinson noted Jiljilia on his travels in the region, and connected it with ancient Gilgal.Robinson, 1841, vol 3, p. 82 He further noted it as a Muslim village, located in the Beni Zeid district, north of Jerusalem.Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, Appendix 2, p. 125
In 1870 Victor Guérin found Djildjilia to have 200 inhabitants,Guérin, 1875, pp. 167-168 while an Ottoman village list of about the same year counted 14 houses and a population of 49 in dschildschilija, though the population count included only men.Socin, 1879, p. 153. It was further noted that it was in the Beni Zeid districtHartman 1883, p. 107 also noted 14 houses
In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described Jiljilia as: "A large village on the top of a high hill, with a well to the south, and a few olives. The ridge is arable land."Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 290
In 1896 the population of Dschildschilja was estimated to be about 138 persons.Schick, 1896, p. 124
British Mandate era In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Jeljelieh had a population of 162 Muslims,Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Ramallah, p. 16 increasing in the 1931 census to 212 Muslims, in 47 houses.Mills, 1932, p. 49.
In the 1945 statistics, the population was 280 Muslims,Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 26 while the total land area was 7,283 dunams, according to an official land and population survey.Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 65 Of this, 1,897 were plantations and irrigable land, 1,940 for cereals,Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 112 while 16 dunams were classified as built-up (urban) areas.Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 162
Jordanian era In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Jiljilyya came under Jordanian rule. It was annexed by Jordan in 1950.
The Jordanian census of 1961 found 490 inhabitants in Jiljiliya.Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p. 24
Post-1967 Since the Six-Day War in 1967, Jiljilyya has been under Israeli occupation.
After the 1995 accords, 99.3% of village land was classified as Area A, while the remaining 0.7% was classified as Area B.Jilijliya Village Profile, ARIJ, p. 17
Death of Omar Assad In January 2022, 78-year-old Omar Assad died after being detained by Israeli soldiers. Assad had lived in the US from 1967, was a US citizen, and had returned to his childhood village for his retirement in 2010. The Israeli spokesman stated that Assad was alive when he was released, but this was contradicted by several eye-witnesses. The autopsy found that he had died from “a stress-induced heart attack probably brought on by being bound and gagged and held in a cold construction site.”Family of elderly Palestinian American who died after Israeli detention demands international inquiry January 17, 2022, The Washington PostAutopsy finds Palestinian American man died of heart attack after being bound and gagged by Israeli soldiers, January 26, 2022, The Washington Post In February, the US State Department said it wanted a “criminal investigation” into his death.Statement on Israeli Defense Forces Report on Death of Omar Assad, February 1, 2022
In October, Israeli spokesperson claimed that a settlement had been reached with the Assad family, and that Israel would pay them 500,000 shekels, (~$141,000), in return for their withdrawal of the case against the Israeli state.Israel to pay compensation for death of elderly US-Palestinian man after IDF arrest, 7 October 2022, The Times of Israel However, the family denied this, saying that they had rejected the offer.Family of dead Palestinian-American rebuffs settlement offer Oct. 12, 2022, sfgateOmar Assad’s family says Israeli settlement claim is a lie, 12 October 2022, Ali Abunimah
References
Bibliography
External links
Welcome To Jiljilyya Jiljilia, Welcome to Palestine Survey of Western Palestine, Map 14: IAA, Wikimedia commons Jilijliya Village (Fact Sheet), Applied Research Institute–Jerusalem, ARIJ Jilijliya Village Profile, ARIJ Jilijliya areal photo, ARIJ