Japanese is an East Asian language spoken by about 126 million people, primarily in Japan, where it is the official language and national language. The influx of Japanese loanwords can be classified into two periods, Japanese colonial administration period (1942–1945) and globalisation of Japanese popular culture (1980-now). As Indonesian is written using Latin script, Japanese romanisation systems influence the spelling in Indonesian.
Spelling Consonants + Consonants Japanese IPA Example, Hiragana Example, Romanization Indonesian IPA Indonesian Indonesian Example Notes , basho, kabin b bola, , are unaspirated, as in the Romance languages, or as in English spy, sty, sky. In final position, they are unreleased , with final k being a glottal stop. are also unreleased, and therefore devoiced, . There is no liaison: they remain unreleased even when followed by a vowel, as in kulit ubi "potato skins", though they are pronounced as a normal medial consonant when followed by a suffix. byōki by , hito, hyō h habis, tokoh , shita, isshō sy syaratThe fricatives are found in loanwords only. Some speakers pronounce orthographic ‹v› in loanwords as ; otherwise it is . The fricative [z] can also be an allophone of /s/ before voiced consonants. sh , dōmo, dōdō d dariIn dialects such as the Tokyo dialect, the voiced fricatives are generally pronounced as affricates in word-initial positions and after the moraic nasal (pronounced before and before ) or the sokuon (spelled , only in loanwords). Actual realizations of these sounds vary among speakers (see Yotsugana). , , zutto, zenzen, kizzuWhen an affricate consonant is geminated, only the closure component of it is repeated: . z zaman , aza, tsuzuku , , jibun, jojo, ejji j jari , mijikai, jojo fuji f fikir, visa A declining number of speakers pronounce word-medial as , but is always represented by in this system. , , gakkō, gogo, ginkō g galahThe glottal stop is an allophone of and in the coda: baik, bapak. It is also used between identical vowels in hiatus. Only a few words have this sound in the middle, e.g. bakso (meatballs) and rakyat (alternative word of 'people' or 'society'). It may be represented by an apostrophe in Arabic derived words such as Al Qur'an. kigyō gy , hon, haha h habis, tokoh , yakusha, yuyushii y yakin, kaya , kuru, hakki k kalah , kyōkai, kekkyoku ky , , mikan, senpai, monmon m makan myaku my , nattō, kantan n nakal , , niwa, konnyaku, kinchō ny nyaman , ringo, nankyoku ng ngarai nihon n nakal , pan, tampopo p pola happyō py , roku, sora r raja, dari, pasar ryōri ry , suru, sassō s saya , taberu, totte t tari , tsunami, ittsui ts , chikai, ketchaku c cari , romanized w, is the consonant equivalent of the vowel , which is pronounced with varying degrees of rounding, depending on dialect. wasabi w waktu, Jawa The syllable-final n (moraic nasal) is pronounced as some kind of nasalized vowel before a vowel, semivowel () or fricative (). is a conventional notation undefined for the exact place of articulation. , , fun'iki, denwa, anshin n nakal atsu'! k bapak, rakyat
Vowels Most vowels are retained without significant change in Indonesian, except in vowels length and pitch accent (there are no vowels length distinction and no pitch accent in Indonesian).
+ Vowels JapaneseIPA Hiragana Transliteration IndonesianIPA IndonesianTransliteration a a e é è i i In many dialects including the Tokyo dialect, close vowels and become voiceless (marked by a ring under the symbol) when surrounded by voiceless consonants and not followed by a pitch drop. o o , romanized u, exhibits varying degrees of rounding depending on dialect. In the Tokyo dialect, it is either unrounded or compressed (), meaning the sides of the lips are held together without horizontal protrusion, unlike protruded . u u
Loanwords A Indonesian Word Indonesian Meaning Japanese New Form Japanese Old Form Japanese Transliteration Japanese Meaning Note Ref aikido aikido aikidō aikido ajinomoto flavour enhancer ajinomoto ajinomoto the trademarked product name for monosodium glutamate (MSG), a flavour enhancer, held by Ajinomoto Co. anata second-person pronoun anata second-person pronoun animé anime anime animation contraction from アニメーション (animēshon), a loanword from English for animation arigato thank you arigatō thank you aza aza a section of a village
B Indonesian Word Indonesian Meaning Japanese New Form Japanese Old Form Japanese Transliteration Japanese Meaning Note Ref bakéro stupid, Japanese swear word bakayarō stupid 1. see baka. 2. also variously written as , , and .3. ultimately from Portuguese vaqueiro or Spanish vaquero banggo number bangō number (Military-related term) banzai long life cheers banzai long life cheers lit. "ten thousand years," such as 天皇陛下万歳 (Tennōheika Banzai!) "Long live His Majesty the Emperor" bento bento bento lunch box bogodan Japanese police assistant in Sumatra bōgodan protection + unit (Military-related term) bokugo air-raid shelter bōkūgō air-raid shelter (Military-related term) boshi hat, cap bōshi hat, cap (Military-related term) bonsai miniature potted plant bonsai tray plantting, bonsai buco departmental head buchō departmental head budan platoon budan platoon (Military-related term) 分隊 (buntai) = platoon budanco platoon commander budanchō platoon commander (Military-related term) 分隊 (buntai) = platoon bupin goods, material buppin goods, material (Military-related term) bushido bushido bushidō bushido (Military-related term) 1. way of warrior, 2. code of conduct for Japanese samurai butai troops, a unit butai troops, a unit (Military-related term)
C Indonesian Word Indonesian Meaning Japanese New Form Japanese Old Form Japanese Transliteration Japanese Meaning Note Ref canoyu Japanese tea ceremony chanoyu tea ceremony The Japanese tea ceremony, also called the Way of Tea, is a Japanese cultural activity involving the ceremonial preparation and presentation of matcha (抹茶), powdered green tea. cudan company chūdan company (Military-related term) cudanco company commander chūdanchō company commander (Military-related term) cugako junior high school chūgakkō junior high school cusetsu submission to the fatherland chūsetsu loyalty; allegiance; fidelity (Military-related term) cuto secondary, intermediate chūtō medium, middle
D Indonesian Word Indonesian Meaning Japanese New Form Japanese Old Form Japanese Transliteration Japanese Meaning Note Ref dai great, large dai great, large such as 大日本 (dai nippon) daidan battalion daidan battalion daidanco battalion commander daidanchō battalion commander daihonéi imperial headquarter daihonei imperial headquarter (Military-related term) dakocan air-filled black plastic dolls ダッコ-ちゃん ダッコ-ちゃん dakko-chan a mascot the company mascot of Takara dan rank for judo, karate, and kenpo dan dan, an East Asia ranking system dan unit dan unit danco unit commander danchō unit commander dohyo dohyō dohyō dohyō dohyō, sumo ring dokuritsu independence dokuritsu independence, separation such as in Badan Penyelidik Usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia (独立準備調査会, Dokuritsu Junbi Chōsa-kai) and Panitia Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia (独立準備委員会, Dokuritsu Junbi Inkai) doméi dōmei dōmei union, alliance shorthand of 同盟通信社 (dōmei tsūshinsha, lit. Federated News Agency) Imperial Japanese News Agency dojo dojo dōjō dojo karate training place doyo
E Indonesian Word Indonesian Meaning Japanese New Form Japanese Old Form Japanese Transliteration Japanese Meaning Note Ref ebi dried shrimp ebi prawn, shrimp, lobster, crayfish éisé hygiene, health eisei hygiene, sanitary, health emoji Japanese emoticon, emoji emoji emoji Emoji are ideograms and smileys used in electronic messages and web pages. éndaka strong yen endaka strong yen énsyu practice, training enshū exercise, drill, practice
F Indonesian Word Indonesian Meaning Japanese New Form Japanese Old Form Japanese Transliteration Japanese Meaning Note Ref fujinkai women association fujinkai women association fukan adjutant fukkan adjutant, aide-de-camp Adjutant is a military appointment given to an officer who assists the commanding officer with unit administration. fungkaico assistant chairperson fukukaichou assistant chairperson fusimban night guard fushinban night watch; vigilance
G Indonesian Word Indonesian Meaning Japanese New Form Japanese Old Form Japanese Transliteration Japanese Meaning Note Ref gakari duty kakari (person in) charge, duty through rendaku form -gakari gako school gakko school gakutotai student militia gakutotai student militia (Military-related term) geisha geisha geisha geisha traditional Japanese female entertainer génjumin native (pejorative) genjūmin aborigine sensitive. 先住民 is more acceptable. gigaku gigaku gigaku gigaku Gigaku refers to an extinct genre of masked drama-dance performance, imported into Japan during the Asuka period. giyugun Pembela Tanah Air giyūgun volunteer army see Pembela Tanah Air (郷土防衛義勇軍, kyōdo bōei giyūgun) giyuhéi volunteer giyūhei volunteer soldier go go i-go go Go is an abstract strategy board game for two players, in which the aim is to surround more territory than the opponent. gobo Arctium lappa gobō Arctium lappa gongyo buddhist liturgy gon-gyō buddhist liturgy gun district gun district see Administrative divisions of Japan gunco district chief (wedana) gunchō district chief see Administrative divisions of Japan gunséibu Japanese military administration gunseibu military government refers to Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies gunseikan Japanese military government (chief) gunseikan military government official refers to Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies gunsyiréikan army commander gunshireikan army commander (Military-related term)
H Indonesian Word Indonesian Meaning Japanese New Form Japanese Old Form Japanese Transliteration Japanese Meaning Note Ref haiku haiku haiku haiku Haiku (俳句) is a very short Japan poem with seventeen syllables and three verses. hakugékiho trench mortar hakugekihō mortar (Military-related term) hanco squad leader hanchō squad leader (Military-related term) hanséi reflection, reconsideration hansei reflection, reconsideration harakiri harakiri harakiri harakiri Seppuku, sometimes referred to as harakiri, is a form of Japanese ritual suicide by disembowelment. hayabusa type of Japanese warplane hayabusa peregrine falcon (Military-related term) heiho Japanese colonial auxiliaries heiho auxiliaries hentai 1. pornographic (adj.) 2. pornographic anime, manga or Japanese computer game. hentai 1. metamorphosis, transformation 2. abnormality 3. pervert, hentai 1. Pervert meaning in Japanese based on contraction of 変態性欲 (hentai seiyoku, lit. perverse sexual desire). 2. The original meaning in the Japanese language is transformation or metamorphosis. hikoki aeroplane hikōki aeroplane hinomaru national flag of Japan hinomaru national flag of Japan hiragana hiragana hiragana hiragana Hiragana is a Japanese syllabary. hokokai Japanese colonial mobilisation group hōkōkai public service association such as Jawa Hokokai. honbu headquarters honbu headquarters honda moped, autocycle; pickup truck honda Honda, name of vehicle manufacturer. hoso kyoku broadcasting station hōsōkyoku broadcasting station
I Indonesian Word Indonesian Meaning Japanese New Form Japanese Old Form Japanese Transliteration Japanese Meaning Note Ref iaido iaido iaidō iaido Iaidō (居合道), abbreviated with iai (居合), is a Japanese martial art that emphasizes being aware and capable of quickly drawing the sword and responding to a sudden attack. iaidoka iaido practitioner iaidōka iaido practitioner ici one ichi one iciban most ichiban most ikebana ikebana ikebana ikebana Ikebana (生け花, "living flowers") is the Japanese art of flower arrangement. ipon crushing victory ippon 1. one point, 2. a blow see ippon
J