Electrical resistivity T 80 K (−193 °C) 273 K (0 °C) 293 K (20 °C) 298 K (25 °C) 300 K (27 °C) 500 K (227 °C) 3 Li lithium use 10.0 nΩm 85.3 nΩm 92.8 nΩm 94.7 nΩm 95.5 nΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) 1.00 8.53 9.28 9.47 9.55 LNG (10−8 Ωm) 9.28 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 9.4 4 Be beryllium use 0.75 nΩm 30.2 nΩm 35.6 nΩm 37.0 nΩm 37.6 nΩm 99 nΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) 0.075 3.02 3.56 3.70 3.76 9.9 LNG (10−8 Ωm) 3.56 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 4 5 B boron use 1.5×104 Ωm LNG (10−8 Ωm) 1.5×1012 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) > 1012 6 C carbon (diamond) use LNG (10−8 Ωm) 0.8 [sic] 6 C carbon (graphite) use LNG (10−8 Ωm) 1375 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) about 1000 – direction dependent 11 Na sodium use 8.0 nΩm 43.3 nΩm 47.7 nΩm 48.8 nΩm 49.3 nΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) 0.80 4.33 4.77 4.88 4.93 LNG (10−8 Ωm) 4.77 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 4.7 12 Mg magnesium use 5.57 nΩm 40.5 nΩm 43.9 nΩm 44.8 nΩm 45.1 nΩm 78.6 nΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) 0.557 4.05 4.39 4.48 4.51 7.86 LNG (10−8 Ωm) 4.39 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 4.4 13 Al aluminium use 2.45 nΩm 24.17 nΩm 26.50 nΩm 27.09 nΩm 27.33 nΩm 49.9 nΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) 0.245 2.417 2.650 2.709 2.733 4.99 LNG (10−8 Ωm) 2.6548 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 2.65 14 Si silicon use LNG (10−8 Ωm) 105 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) about 100000 15 P phosphorus use LNG (10−8 Ωm) (white) 10 [sic] WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 10 16 S sulfur use (amorphous) 2×1015 Ωm LNG (10−8 Ωm) (amorphous) 2×1023 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) > 1023 17 Cl chlorine use > 10 Ωm LNG (10−8 Ωm) >109 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) > 1010 19 K potassium use 13.4 nΩm 64.9 nΩm 72.0 nΩm 73.9 nΩm 74.7 nΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) 1.34 6.49 7.20 7.39 7.47 LNG (10−8 Ωm) 7.2 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 7 20 Ca calcium use 6.5 nΩm 31.1 nΩm 33.6 nΩm 34.2 nΩm 34.5 nΩm 60. nΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) 0.65 3.11 3.36 3.42 3.45 6.0 LNG (10−8 Ωm) 3.36 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 3.4 21 Sc scandium use (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) calculated 562 nΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) (290 K–300 K) 56.2 CR2 (10−8 Ωm) (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 70.9 CR2 (10−8 Ωm) (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 26.9 CR2 (10−8 Ωm) (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) calculated from single crystal values 56.2 LNG (10−8 Ωm) 56.2 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 55 22 Ti titanium use 0.39 μΩm 0.420 μΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) 39 LNG (10−8 Ωm) 42.0 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 40 23 V vanadium use 24.1 nΩm 181 nΩm 197 nΩm 201 nΩm 202 nΩm 348 nΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) 2.41 18.1 19.7 20.1 20.2 34.8 LNG (10−8 Ωm) 19.7 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 20 24 Cr chromium use 118 nΩm 125 nΩm 126 nΩm 127 nΩm 201 nΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) 11.8 12.5 12.6 12.7 20.1 LNG (10−8 Ωm) 12.5 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 12.7 25 Mn manganese use 1.32 μΩm 1.43 μΩm 1.44 μΩm 1.44 μΩm 1.44 μΩm 1.49 μΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) 132 143 144 144 144 149 LNG (10−8 Ωm) 144 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 160 26 Fe iron use 6.93 nΩm 85.7 nΩm 96.1 nΩm 98.7 nΩm 99.8 nΩm 237 nΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) 0.693 8.57 9.61 9.87 9.98 23.7 LNG (10−8 Ωm) 9.61 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 9.7 27 Co cobalt use 56 nΩm 62.4 nΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) 5.6 LNG (10−8 Ωm) 6.24 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 6 28 Ni nickel use 5.45 nΩm 61.6 nΩm 69.3 nΩm 71.2 nΩm 72.0 nΩm 177 nΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) 0.545 6.16 6.93 7.12 7.20 17.7 LNG (10−8 Ωm) 6.93 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 7 29 Cu copper use 2.15 nΩm 15.43 nΩm 16.78 nΩm 17.12 nΩm 17.25 nΩm 30.90 nΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) 0.215 1.543 1.678 1.712 1.725 3.090 LNG (10−8 Ωm) 1.678 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 1.7 30 Zn zinc use 11.5 nΩm 54.6 nΩm 59.0 nΩm 60.1 nΩm 60.6 nΩm 108.2 nΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) 1.15 5.46 5.90 6.01 6.06 10.82 LNG (10−8 Ωm) 5.9 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 5.9 31 Ga gallium use CRC (10−8 Ωm) 13.6 LNG (10−8 Ωm) (30 °C) 25.795 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 14 32 Ge germanium use LNG (10−8 Ωm) 53000 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) about 50000 33 As arsenic use 333 nΩm LNG (10−8 Ωm) 33.3 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 30 34 Se selenium use LNG (10−8 Ωm) (amorphous) 1.2 [sic] WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) high 35 Br bromine use 7.8×1010 Ωm LNG (10−8 Ωm) 7.8×1018 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) > 1018 37 Rb rubidium use 26.5 nΩm 115 nΩm 128 nΩm 131 nΩm 133 nΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) 2.65 11.5 12.8 13.1 13.3 LNG (10−8 Ωm) 12.8 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 12 38 Sr strontium use 36.4 nΩm 123 nΩm 132 nΩm 134 nΩm 135 nΩm 222 nΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) 3.64 12.3 13.2 13.4 13.5 22.2 LNG (10−8 Ωm) 13.2 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 13 39 Y yttrium use (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 596 nΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) (290 K–300 K) 59.6 CR2 (10−8 Ωm) (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 72.5 CR2 (10−8 Ωm) (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 35.5 CR2 (10−8 Ωm) (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 59.6 LNG (10−8 Ωm) 59.6 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 56 40 Zr zirconium use 66.4 nΩm 388 nΩm 421 nΩm 429 nΩm 433 nΩm 765 nΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) 6.64 38.8 42.1 42.9 43.3 76.5 LNG (10−8 Ωm) 42.1 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 42 41 Nb niobium use 152 nΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) 15.2 LNG (10−8 Ωm) 15.2 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 15 42 Mo molybdenum use 4.82 nΩm 48.5 nΩm 53.4 nΩm 54.7 nΩm 55.2 nΩm 106 nΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) 0.482 4.85 5.34 5.47 5.52 10.6 LNG (10−8 Ωm) 5.34 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 5 43 Tc technetium use LNG (10−8 Ωm) (100 °C) 22.6 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 20 44 Ru ruthenium use 71 nΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) 7.1 LNG (10−8 Ωm) 7.1 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 7.1 45 Rh rhodium use 43.3 nΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) 4.3 LNG (10−8 Ωm) 4.33 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 4.3 46 Pd palladium use 17.5 nΩm 97.8 nΩm 105.4 nΩm 107.3 nΩm 108.0 nΩm 179.4 nΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) 1.75 9.78 10.54 10.73 10.80 17.94 LNG (10−8 Ωm) 10.54 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 10 47 Ag silver use 2.89 nΩm 14.67 nΩm 15.87 nΩm 16.17 nΩm 16.29 nΩm 28.7 nΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) 0.289 1.467 1.587 1.617 1.629 2.87 LNG (10−8 Ωm) 1.587 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 1.6 48 Cd cadmium use 68 nΩm use (22 °C) 72.7 nΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) 6.8 LNG (10−8 Ωm) (22 °C) 7.27 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 7 49 In indium use 0.080 μΩm 83.7 nΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) 8.0 LNG (10−8 Ωm) 8.37 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 8 50 Sn tin use 115 nΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) 11.5 LNG (10−8 Ωm) 11.5 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 11 51 Sb antimony use 0.39 μΩm 417 nΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) 39 LNG (10−8 Ωm) 41.7 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 40 52 Te tellurium use LNG (10−8 Ωm) (5.8–33)×10³ WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) about 10000 53 I iodine use 1.3×107 Ωm LNG (10−8 Ωm) 1.3×1015 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) > 1015 55 Cs caesium use 41.6 nΩm 187 nΩm 205 nΩm 208 nΩm 210 nΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) 4.16 18.7 20.5 20.8 21.0 LNG (10−8 Ωm) 20.5 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 20 56 Ba barium use 68.3 nΩm 302 nΩm 332 nΩm 0.340 μΩm 343 nΩm 724 nΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) 6.83 30.2 33.2 34.0 34.3 72.4 LNG (10−8 Ωm) 33.2 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 35 57 La lanthanum use (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 615 nΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) (290 K–300 K) 61.5 CR2 (10−8 Ωm) (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 61.5 LNG (10−8 Ωm) 61.5 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 61 58 Ce cerium (beta, hex) use (room temperature) (beta, polycrystalline) 828 nΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) (beta, hex) (290 K–300 K) 82.8 CR2 (10−8 Ωm) (room temperature) (beta, polycrystalline) 82.8 LNG (10−8 Ωm) (beta, hex) 82.8 58 Ce cerium (gamma, cubic) use (room temperature) (gamma, polycrystalline) 744 nΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) 74.4 CR2 (10−8 Ωm) (room temperature) (gamma, polycrystalline) 74.4 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 74 59 Pr praseodymium use (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 0.700 μΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) (290 K–300 K) 70.0 CR2 (10−8 Ωm) (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 70.0 LNG (10−8 Ωm) 70.0 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 70 60 Nd neodymium use (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 643 nΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) (290 K–300 K) 64.3 CR2 (10−8 Ωm) (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 64.3 LNG (10−8 Ωm) 64.3 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 64 61 Pm promethium use (room temperature) estimated 0.75 μΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) (290 K–300 K) 75 est. CR2 (10−8 Ωm) (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 75 estimated LNG (10−8 Ωm) 64.0 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 75 62 Sm samarium use (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 0.940 μΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) (290 K–300 K) 94.0 CR2 (10−8 Ωm) (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 94.0 LNG (10−8 Ωm) 94.0 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 94 63 Eu europium use (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 0.900 μΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) (290 K–300 K) 90.0 CR2 (10−8 Ωm) (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 90.0 LNG (10−8 Ωm) 90.0 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 90 64 Gd gadolinium use (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 1.310 μΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) (290 K–300 K) 131 CR2 (10−8 Ωm) (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 135.1 CR2 (10−8 Ωm) (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 121.7 CR2 (10−8 Ωm) (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 131.0 LNG (10−8 Ωm) 131 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 130 65 Tb terbium use (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 1.150 μΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) (290 K–300 K) 115 CR2 (10−8 Ωm) (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 123.5 CR2 (10−8 Ωm) (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 101.5 CR2 (10−8 Ωm) (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 115.0 LNG (10−8 Ωm) 115 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 120 66 Dy dysprosium use (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 926 nΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) (290 K–300 K) 92.6 CR2 (10−8 Ωm) (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 111.0 CR2 (10−8 Ωm) (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 76.6 CR2 (10−8 Ωm) (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 92.6 LNG (10−8 Ωm) 92.6 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 91 67 Ho holmium use (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 814 nΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) (290 K–300 K) 81.4 CR2 (10−8 Ωm) (room temperature) (amorphous) 101.5 CR2 (10−8 Ωm) (room temperature) (crystalline) 60.5 CR2 (10−8 Ωm) (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 81.4 LNG (10−8 Ωm) 81.4 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 94 68 Er erbium use (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 0.860 μΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) (290 K–300 K) 86.0 CR2 (10−8 Ωm) (room temperature) (amorphous) 94.5 CR2 (10−8 Ωm) (room temperature) (crystalline) 60.3 CR2 (10−8 Ωm) (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 86.0 LNG (10−8 Ωm) 86.0 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 86 69 Tm thulium use (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 676 nΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) (290 K–300 K) 67.6 CR2 (10−8 Ωm) (room temperature) (amorphous) 88.0 CR2 (10−8 Ωm) (room temperature) (crystalline) 47.2 CR2 (10−8 Ωm) (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 67.6 LNG (10−8 Ωm) 67.6 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 70 70 Yb ytterbium use (room temperature) (beta, polycrystalline) 0.250 μΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) (290 K–300 K) 25.0 CR2 (10−8 Ωm) (room temperature) (beta, polycrystalline) 25.0 LNG (10−8 Ωm) 25 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 28 71 Lu lutetium use (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 582 nΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) (290 K–300 K) 58.2 CR2 (10−8 Ωm) (room temperature) (amorphous) 76.6 CR2 (10−8 Ωm) (room temperature) (crystalline) 34.7 CR2 (10−8 Ωm) (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 58.2 LNG (10−8 Ωm) 58.2 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 56 72 Hf hafnium use 67.5 nΩm 304 nΩm 331 nΩm 337 nΩm 0.340 μΩm 631 nΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) 6.75 30.4 33.1 33.7 34.0 63.1 LNG (10−8 Ωm) 33.1 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 30 73 Ta tantalum use 26.2 nΩm 122 nΩm 131 nΩm 134 nΩm 135 nΩm 229 nΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) 2.62 12.2 13.1 13.4 13.5 22.9 LNG (10−8 Ωm) 13.5 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 13 74 W tungsten use 6.06 nΩm 48.2 nΩm 52.8 nΩm 53.9 nΩm 54.4 nΩm 103 nΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) 0.606 4.82 5.28 5.39 5.44 10.3 LNG (10−8 Ωm) 5.28 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 5 75 Re rhenium use 172 nΩm 193 nΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) 17.2 LNG (10−8 Ωm) 19.3 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 18 76 Os osmium use 81.2 nΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) 8.1 LNG (10−8 Ωm) 8.12 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 8.1 77 Ir iridium use 47 nΩm 47.1 nΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) 4.7 LNG (10−8 Ωm) 4.71 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 4.7 78 Pt platinum use 19.22 nΩm 96 nΩm 105 nΩm 107 nΩm 108 nΩm 183 nΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) 1.922 9.6 10.5 10.7 10.8 18.3 LNG (10−8 Ωm) 10.6 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 10.6 79 Au gold use 4.81 nΩm 20.51 nΩm 22.14 nΩm 22.55 nΩm 22.71 nΩm 39.7 nΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) 0.481 2.051 2.214 2.255 2.271 3.97 LNG (10−8 Ωm) 2.214 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 2.2 80 Hg mercury use 961 nΩm CRC (10−8 Ωm) 96.1 LNG (10−8 Ωm) (solid) 21 LNG (10−8 Ωm) (liquid) 95.8 WEL (10−8 Ωm) (293 K–298 K) 96 8