James Duane (1733–1797) was a member of the Continental Congress and the 44th mayor of New York City.
James Duane may also refer to: James Duane (fireboat), a fireboat of New York City named after the mayor James Joseph Duane (born 1959), American law professor and jurist James Chatham Duane (1824–1897), engineering officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War
See also James Duane Doty (1799–1865), land speculator and politician