List of former European colonies

This is a list of former European colonies.

North America

Denmark Danish West Indies Greenland Colony of Greenland County of Greenland North Greenland South Greenland

France New France Canada Acadia Île-Royale Illinois Louisiana Saint-Domingue

Great Britain and England British America (New Britain) Canada Island of St. John Lower Canada Province of Quebec Upper Canada Newfoundland Colony "Thirteen Colonies" (The United States of America) New England Colonies: Province of Massachusetts Bay Province of New Hampshire Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations Connecticut Colony Province of New York Province of New Jersey Province of Pennsylvania Delaware Colony Province of Maryland Colony of Virginia Province of North Carolina Province of South Carolina Province of Georgia Other North American colonies Province of East Florida Province of West Florida British Honduras Bay Islands

Iceland Greenland

Netherlands New Netherland (Nieuw-Amsterdam / New York)

Norway Greenland

Russia Russian Alaska

Scotland Nova Scotia Darien

Spain and Castile

Viceroyalty of New Spain

Kingdom of New Galicia Province of Alta California Province of Old California Province of Colotlán and Nayarit Province of Guadalajara in New Galicia Province of Zacatecas Province of Arizpe Province of Durango Province of Texas Province of Coahuila Province of New León Province of New Santander Province of New Mexico Kingdom of México Province of Guanajuato Province of México Province of Oaxaca Province of Puebla Province of San Luis Potosí Province of Tabasco Province of Valladolid de Michoacán Province of Veracruz Province of Tlaxcala Province of Laguna de los Términos Province of Mérida in Yucatán Kingdom of Santo Domingo Captaincy General of Cuba Province of Florida Province of Louisiana Province of Puerto Rico Kingdom of Guatemala Province of Costa Rica Province of Guatemala Province of San Salvador Province of Comayagua Province of Chiapas

Viceroyalty of New Granada

Kingdom of Tierra Firme Province of Darién Province of Panamá Province of Portobelo Province of Veraguas

Sweden New Sweden St. Barthelemy

Caribbean

Brandenburg St Thomas

Courland New Courland (Tobago)

Denmark–Norway Saint John Saint Thomas Saint Croix

France

Anguilla Antigua and Barbuda Dominica Grenada Montserrat Nevis Saint Christophe (St Kitts) Saint Croix Saint-Domingue (Hispaniola) Sainte-Lucia (St Lucia) Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Sint Eustatius Tobago

Knights of Malta Saint Barthélemy Saint Martin Saint Christopher (St Kitts) Saint Croix Tortuga (off coast of Haiti)

Netherlands New Walcheren (Tobago)

Spain and Castile

Viceroyalty of New Spain

Kingdom of Santo Domingo Province of Santo Domingo Captaincy General of Cuba Province of Havana Province of Santiago de Cuba Province of Florida Province of Louisiana Province of Jamaica Province of Puerto Rico

Viceroyalty of New Granada

Kingdom of New Granada Province of Cartagena de Indias San Andrés y Providencia Islands Kingdom of Venezuela Province of Trinidad

Sweden Saint-Barthélemy

Sweden–Norway Cooper Island Saint-Barthélemy (1814–1878)

United Kingdom The Bahamas Barbados Belize Jamaica Leeward Islands Antigua and Barbuda Dominica Saint Christopher (St Kitts)-Nevis Trinidad and Tobago Windward Islands Grenada Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

South America Augsburg/Nuremberg Welserland (Venezuela)

France Brazil (Rio de Janeiro briefly, and São Luís briefly) (see France Antarctique and France Équinoxiale) Iles Malouines (Falkland Islands) Netherlands Berbice (Guyana) Demerara Dutch colonisation of the Guianas, overview Surinam (Suriname) Essequibo New Holland (Brazil – Half the captaincies)

Portugal Brazil Cisplatina (Uruguay) Sacramento Misiones Orientales

Spain and Castile Early colonial governorates Kingdom of Tierra Firme Governorate of New Andalusia Governorate of Castilla de Oro Governorate of New Castile Governorate of New Toledo Governorate of New León Governorate of New Andalusia

Viceroyalty of New Granada

Kingdom of New Granada Province of Antioquia Province of Cartagena de Indias Province of Casanare Province of Chocó Province of New Pamplona Province of Mariquita Province of Neiva Province of San Faustino Province of Santa Fe de Bogotá Province of Riohacha Province of Santa Marta Province of Socorro Province of Tunja Kingdom of Quito Province of Quito Province of Macas Province of Guayaquil Province of Jaén de Bracamoros Province of Maynas Province of Cuenca Province of Popayán Kingdom of Venezuela Province of Caracas Province of Barinas Province of Maracaibo Province of Margarita Province of Trinidad Province of Cumaná Province of Guayana

Viceroyalty of Peru

Kingdom of Perú Province of Lima Province of Huancavelica Province of Arequipa Province of Huamanga Province of Tarma Province of Trujillo Kingdom of Chile Province of Santiago de Chile Province of Concepción Province of Chiloé Province of Araucanía

Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata

Kingdom of Charcas Province of Chuquisaca Province of Cochabamba Province of La Paz Province of Potosí Province of Chiquitos Province of Moxos Upper Peru Kingdom of Buenos Aires Province of Paraguay Province of Buenos Aires Province of the Guaraní Missions Province of Montevideo Province of Córdoba Province of Salta

United Kingdom British Guiana Berbice, Essequibo, Demerara Surinam

Africa

Belgium Belgian Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo) Ruanda-Urundi (Rwanda and Burundi)

Brandenburg Arguin (in Mauritania) Brandenburger Gold Coast (coastal settlements in Ghana)

Courland St. Andrews Island (in the Gambia)

Denmark-Norway Danish Gold Coast (coastal settlements in Ghana)

France

Albreda (in The Gambia) Comoros French Dahomey (Benin) French Algeria French Cameroon (91% of modern Cameroon) French Chad French Congo (Republic of the Congo) French Guinea (Guinea) French Upper Volta (Republic of Upper Volta, Burkina Faso) French Somaliland (Djibouti) French Sudan (Mali) French Togoland (Togo) French Madagascar Gabon Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire) Colonial Mauritania French protectorate in Morocco (89% of Morocco) Oubangui-Chari (Central African Republic) Senegal Senegambia and Niger Upper Senegal and Niger Colony of Niger French protectorate of Tunisia

Germany German East Africa (Burundi, Rwanda, Tanzania) German South-West Africa (Namibia) Kamerun (split between Cameroon and Nigeria) Togoland (split between Togo and Ghana) Wituland (Lamu Island, owned by Kenya)

Hospitaller Malta Tripoli

Italy Italian East Africa Italian Eritrea Italian Somaliland (now Somalia) Italian Libya

Netherlands Arguin Island (in Mauritania) Dutch Cape Colony Dutch Gold Coast (settlements along coast of Ghana, including El Mina) Dutch Loango-Angola (Luanda, Sonyo and Cabinda) Gorée (Senegal) Moçambique (Delagoa Bay) São Tomé South Africa Mauritius

Portugal Ajuda (Whydah, in Benin) Portuguese Angola Annobón Cabinda Cape Verde (Cabo Verde) Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá Gorée (in Senegal) Malindi Mombasa Algarve Ultramar (Morocco) Agadir Alcacer Ceguer Arzila Azamor Mazagan Mogador Safim Nigeria (Lagos area) Mozambique Portuguese Gold Coast (settlements along coast of Ghana) Portuguese Guinea (Guinea-Bissau) Quíloa São Tomé and Príncipe Tangier Zanzibar Ziguinchor

Spain Bona Bougie Jerba Fernando Po and Annobon (insular Equatorial Guinea) Oran Port Guinea Río Muni (mainland Equatorial Guinea) Spanish Protectorate in Morocco Spanish West Africa Río de Oro Saguia el-Hamra Tarfaya Strip Ifni

Sweden Swedish Gold Coast (coastal settlements in Ghana)

United Kingdom Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (Sudan) Basutoland (Lesotho) Balleland (Benin) Bechuanaland (Botswana) British East Africa (Kenya) British Somaliland (Somaliland) British Togoland (eastern Ghana) British Cameroon (split between Nigeria and Cameroon) British Mauritius British Egypt Khedivate of Egypt Sultanate of Egypt Kingdom of Egypt Gambia Colony and Protectorate Gold Coast (Ghana) Colonial Nigeria Niger Coast Protectorate Northern Nigeria Protectorate Southern Nigeria Protectorate Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria Northern Rhodesia (Zambia) Nyasaland (Malawi) Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate Union of South Africa British Cape Colony Natal Colony Orange River Colony Transvaal Colony South West Africa (Namibia) Walvis Bay Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) Swaziland (Eswatini) Tanganyika Territory (mainland Tanzania) Uganda Protectorate Sultanate of Zanzibar (insular Tanzania)

West Asia

France Syria Lebanon

Netherlands Jemen, Al Mukha (Mocca) Mesopotamia (Iraq, Al Basrah)

Portugal

Aden Bandar Abbas (Iran) Hormuz Manama (Bahrain) Muharraq Island (Bahrain) Muscat (Oman) Qeshm

United Kingdom

Aden Protectorate Bahrain Cyprus Mandatory Iraq Sheikhdom of Kuwait Muscat and Oman Mandatory Palestine Qatar South Arabia Emirate of Transjordan Trucial States

South Asia

Indian Ocean Area Austria Banquibazar & Cabelon Nicobar Islands

France French Comoros Isle de France (now Mauritius) French Madagascar French Seychelles

Netherlands Dutch Mauritius (now Mauritius)

Portugal Laccadive Islands (Lakshadweep) Malé (Maldives) Socotra

United Kingdom Mauritius Seychelles Maldives

Mainland

Denmark-Norway Frederik Oerne Islands (Nicobar Islands) Serampore Tranquebar

France French India Pondicherry Karikal Yanaon Mahé Chandernagore

Netherlands Dutch Bengal Dutch Ceylon Dutch India (Dutch Bengal, Suratte, Malabar, Coromandel)

Portugal

Bombay Calicut Cambay Cannanore Ceilão Chaul Chittagong Cochin Dadra and Nagar Haveli Daman and Diu Goa Hughli Masulipatnam Mangalore Pegu Surat Syriam

Sweden Parangipettai

United Kingdom Territories of the EIC till 1858 Territories of the British Raj after 1858

Asia-Pacific

Austria North Borneo

France East Asia Indochina Cambodia Laos Vietnam Annam Cochinchina Tonkin

Germany

German New Guinea Bismarck Archipelago Caroline Islands (Karolinen) Kaiser-Wilhelmsland North Solomon Islands Gilbert Islands German Samoa Marshall Islands Nauru Northern Marianas Islands (Marianen) Palau

Netherlands Dutch East Indies (Indonesia) Dutch New Guinea (Western Part of Papua, Indonesia) Malacca Dutch Formosa

Portugal Flores Macau Malacca Moluccas Ambon Ternate Tidore Portuguese Timor (Timor-Leste) Solor

Spain Spanish East Indies Philippines Marianas Islands Guam Northern Marianas Islands Caroline Islands Marshall Islands

United Kingdom British Burma Australia New South Wales Queensland South Australia Swan River Colony/Western Australia Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania) Victoria British Solomon Islands Christmas Island Cocos Islands Colonial Fiji Gilbert and Ellice Islands (Kiribati & Tuvalu) Kingdom of Rarotonga (Cook Islands) New Zealand Auckland Islands Niue Norfolk Island Territory of Papua and New Guinea Territory of New Guinea Western Samoa Phoenix Islands (part of Kiribati) Solomon Islands Territory of Papua Tokelau Tonga Southeast Asia Malaysia British Malaya Federated Malay States Straits Settlements Unfederated Malay States British Borneo North Borneo Kingdom of Sarawak Brunei Singapore China Hong Kong

Europe

Denmark

Iceland

Italy

Albania Dodecanese

Spain

Spanish Netherlands Duchy of Milan Kingdom of Naples Kingdom of Sicily

Norway

Iceland Faroe Islands Isle of Man, Northern Isles, Hebrides

United Kingdom

Cyprus Ionian islands (now part of Greece) Ireland Malta Menorca (now part of Spain) Heligoland (now part of Germany)

See also

Austrian colonial policy Belgian colonial empire British colonial empire Danish colonial empire Dutch colonial empire French colonial empire German colonial empire List of former German colonies Italian colonial empire Portuguese colonial empire Evolution of the Portuguese Empire Russian colonial empire Spanish colonial empire Swedish colonial empire

References