Cithaeron is a genus of araneomorph spiders in the family Cithaeronidae, first described by O. Pickard-Cambridge in 1872.
Species it contains seven species: Cithaeron contentum Jocqué & Russell-Smith, 2011 – South Africa Cithaeron delimbatus Strand, 1906 – East Africa Cithaeron dippenaarae Bosmans & Van Keer, 2015 – Morocco Cithaeron indicus Platnick & Gajbe, 1994 – India Cithaeron jocqueorum Platnick, 1991 – Ivory Coast C. persicus Zamani & Marusik, 2025 — Iran Cithaeron praedonius O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872 (type) – North Africa, Greece, Turkey, Middle East to India, Malaysia. Introduced to Brazil, Cuba, Australia, United States Cithaeron reimoseri Platnick, 1991 – Eritrea, Brazil (probably introduced)
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