Nirenstein (also spelled Nierenstein or the Polish version Nirensztajn) is a Yiddish and German-language surname. The word, Niere and Stein, literally translates as "kidney stone"
Notable people with this surname include: Fiamma Nirenstein (born 1945), Italian-Israeli politician Otto Kallir (born Otto Nirenstein; 1894–1978), Austrian-American artist Maximilian Nierenstein (1877–1946), German professor Pola Nirensztajn (1910–1992), Polish dancer