Jane Tompkins (born January 18, 1940) is an American literary scholar who has worked on canon formation, feminist literary criticism, and reader response criticism.The Novel: An Anthology of Criticism and Theory 1900-2000, edited by Dorothy J. Hale, p. 535 She has also coined and developed the notion of cultural work in literary studiesMark C. Long, “Reading American Literature, Rethinking the Logic of Cultural Work,” Pacific Coast Philology 32, no. 1 (1997): 87-104Cindy Weinstein and Christopher Looby. "Introduction." In American Literature’s Aesthetic Dimensions, edited by Cindy Weinstein and Christopher Looby (New York: Columbia University Press, 2012), p. 2 and contributed to the new historicist form of literary criticism that emerged in the 1980s.Simon During. "New Historicism." Text and Performance Quarterly vol 11, no. 3 (1991): 171.Brook Thomas. "The New Historicism and other Old-fashioned Topics." In The New Historicism, edited by H. Aram Veeser (London: Routledge, 1989), p. 182. She earned her PhD at Yale in 1966 and subsequently taught at Temple University, Duke University, and the University of Illinois at Chicago.The Novel: An Anthology of Criticism and Theory 1900-2000, edited by Dorothy J. Hale, p. 535 She is married to cultural critic Stanley Fish.
Cultural work Tompkins developed her idea of texts doing cultural work in her 1985 book Sensational Designs: The Cultural Work of American Fiction, 1790-1860. She argues that texts (e.g. novels) do "a certain kind of cultural work within a specific historical situation." To her, "plots and characters" provide "society with a means of thinking about itself, defining certain aspects of a social reality which the authors and their readers shared, dramatizing its conflicts, and recommending solutions. It is the notion of literary texts as doing work, expressing and shaping the social context that produced them, that I wish to substitute finally for the critical perspective that sees them as attempts to achieve a timeless, universal ideal of truth and formal coherence."Jane Tompkins. Sensational Designs: The Cultural Work of American Fiction, 1790-1870. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985, p. 200
Books Sensational Designs: The Cultural Work of American Fiction, 1790-1860. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985. West of Everything: The Inner Life of Westerns. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993. A Life In School: What The Teacher Learned. New York: Perseus Books, 1996. Reading Through The Night. University of Virginia Press, 2018.
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