Oseguera or Osaguera is a Spanish surname. Oseguera comes from a town called Oseguera in the province of Burgos, Spain.

Notable people with the surname: Anastasio Bustamante y Oseguera (1780–1853) Served as President of Mexico (1830–32, 1837–39, 1839–41) and Vice‑President (1829–1832) Antonio Oseguera Cervantes (born 1958), suspected Mexican drug lord Elsa Oseguera (born 1993), Honduran journalist Joaquín Esteban Osaguera Peña, Mexican medical researcher José Luis Soto Oseguera (born 1974), Mexican politician Luis Oseguera (born 1976), Honduran football striker Nemesio Oseguera Cervantes (1966–2026), suspected Mexican drug lord, brother of Antonio Rubén Oseguera González (born 1990), suspected Mexican drug lord, son of Nemesio