H.R. 1 (short for House of Representatives 1) is an identifier for a bill of the United States House of Representatives. Historically, H.R. 1 indicated the first bill introduced in a given Congress (as the numbering system restarts every two years with each new Congress). However, since the start of the 106th Congress in 1999, each Congress's rules have called for reserving numbers 1 through 10 for assignment by the Speaker of the House.
Notable examples
Title Congress introduced Outcome Description Gold Standard Act of 1900 56th Enacted as Established the gold standard as the only currency standard in the United States, ending bimetalism with silver. Agricultural Marketing Act of 1929 71st Enacted as Established the Federal Farm Board. Ethics in Government Act of 1978 95th Related bill, S. 555, enacted as Increased government transparency in the wake of the Watergate scandal. Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 103rd Enacted as Requires employers to grant unpaid leave for family and medical reasons. Congressional Accountability Act of 1995 104th Related bill, S. 2, enacted as , the first bill passed by the Congress. Extends certain workers' rights laws to Congress. No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 107th Enacted as . Replaced in 2015 by the Every Student Succeeds Act. Implemented nationwide standards-based education reform. Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 108th Enacted as Overhauled Medicare. Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007 110th Enacted as Implemented some of the reforms recommended by the 9/11 Commission. American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 111th Enacted as Stimulus package in response to the Great Recession. Office of Compliance Administrative and Technical Corrections Act of 2015 114th Enacted as Amendment to the Congressional Accountability Act of 1995, also an H.R. 1. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 115th Enacted as Reduced tax rates for businesses and individuals. For the People Act 116th (2019) Passed the House. Never brought to a vote in the Senate. Would reform voting law, campaign finance law, and ethics rules for federal officials. 117th (2021) Passed the House. , pending before the Senate. Lower Energy Costs Act 118th Passed the House. Never brought to a vote in the Senate. One Big Beautiful Bill Act 119th Enacted as Reduced tax rates for businesses and individuals.
References