Toyoshima (written: 豊島 or 豊嶋) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
, Japanese biophysicist , Japanese airman and prisoner of war , Japanese voice actress , Japanese shogi player Shigeki Toyoshima (born 1971), Japanese high jumper , Japanese rugby sevens player Tak Toyoshima (born 1971), American comic strip cartoonist , Japanese politician , Japanese footballer