This is a chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet, a standardized system of phonetic symbols devised and maintained by the International Phonetic Association. It is not a complete list of all possible speech sounds in the world's languages, only those about which stand-alone articles exist in this encyclopedia.
Official chart
Vowels
Consonants
Pulmonic consonants
Non-pulmonic consonants
Co-articulated consonants
Other consonants Voiceless bilabially post-trilled dental stop Voiceless dentolabial fricative [f͆] Voiceless bidental fricative Voiceless upper-pharyngeal plosive Voiced upper-pharyngeal plosive Sublaminal lower-alveolar percussive
Tones
+ Tone registers Extra-high (top) High Mid Low Extra-low (bottom) Downstep Upstep
+Tone contours Rising (low to high) Falling (high to low) High rising Mid rising Low rising High falling Mid falling Low falling Rising–falling (Peaking) Falling–rising (Dipping)
Auxiliary symbols + Diacritics Voiceless Breathy voiced Dental Voiced Creaky voiced Apical Aspirated Linguolabial Laminal More rounded Labialized Nasalized Less rounded Palatalized Nasal release Advanced Velarized Lateral release Retracted Pharyngealized No audible release Centralized Velarized or pharyngealized Mid central vowel release Mid-centralized Raised Voiceless dental fricative release Syllabic Lowered Voiceless velar fricative release Non-syllabic Advanced tongue root Ejective Rhoticity Retracted tongue root Affricate or double articulation
+ Suprasegmentals Primary stress Secondary stress Long Half-long Extra-short Minor (foot) group Major (intonation) group Syllable break Linking (absence of a break) Global rise Global fall
+ Transcription Phonetic transcription Phonemic transcription Prosodic notation Indistinguishable utterance Sound obscured
See also IPA vowel chart with audio IPA consonant chart with audio International Phonetic Alphabet chart for English dialects Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet Obsolete and nonstandard symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet
External links The International Phonetic Alphabet and the IPA Chart Interactive IPA chart