Vanatinai Island (also called Tagula and Sudest, for the names of the extreme capes of the island) is a volcanic island in the southeast of the Louisiade Archipelago within Milne Bay Province of Papua New Guinea. The reef-fringed island is approximately southeast of New Guinea and south of Misima. With an area of , it is the largest island of the archipelago. Tagula town, the main settlement, is located on the northwest coast. The population was 3,628 . The principal export is copra.
Geography The island is long, stretching from Cape Tagula to Cape Sudest, and up to wide. A wooded mountain range runs through the length of the island, with the summit, Mount Riu () near the center. The most important peaks of the range are, from west to east: Mount Madau () Mount Gangulua () Mount Riu (formerly called Mount Rattlesnake) () Mount Imau () Mount Arumbi ()
Climate Most of Tagula island has a tropical rainforest climate (Af) but the main settlement of Tagula, located in the northernmost and driest part of the island, has a tropical monsoon climate (Am).
History The first recorded sighting by Europeans of Vanatinai Island was by the Spanish expedition of Luís Vaez de Torres on 14 July 1606.Hilder, Brett The voyage of Torres, Brisbane, 1980, pp.XXIV,24Sharp, Andrew The discovery of the Pacific Islands Oxford, 1960, p.66.Brand, Donald D. The Pacific Basin: A History of its Geographical Explorations The American Geographical Society, New York, 1967, p.137.
The island was the site of a gold rush that began in 1888 and peaked in 1889. Gold was found in nearly all of the island's water courses.Pacific Islands Yearbook, 13th ed., Sydney, New York 1972
Rambuso Village is located on the north coast of the eastern part of the island, where Rambuso Creek flows into the Pacific Ocean. Entry through the reef to the harbour is deep and easy to see during daylight. Many visiting yachts and local trading boats use this protected anchorage. In 2010 the villagers and several visiting yachties rebuilt the wharf and causeway. The villagers new slogan is "Rambuso Creek the gateway to Sudest". The new wharf helped Rambuso develop and now the busy town has some 500 citizens.
Transportation The island has an airport, code (IATA-Code „TGL“) for public transport, near Tagula village.
Biodiversity Several species are endemic to the island, including the aptly named Tagula white-eye, Tagula honeyeater and Tagula butcherbird. Among frogs, Cophixalus tagulensis is only known from Tagula.
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