This is a list of sovereign states in the 1860s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 1860 and 31 December 1869. It contains entries, arranged alphabetically, with information on the status and recognition of their sovereignty. It includes widely recognized sovereign states, entities which were de facto sovereign but which were not widely recognized by other states.
Sovereign states
A Name and capital cityInformation on status and recognition of sovereignty A Abemama – Kingdom of Abemama Widely recognized state.Abuja – Abuja Emirate Widely recognized state. Afghanistan – Emirate of Afghanistan Widely recognized independent state.Agadez – Tenere Sultanate of Aïr Widely recognized state. → Andorra – Principality of Andorra Widely recognized independent state. The President of France and Bishop of Urgell were ex officio Co-Princes of Andorra. The defense of Andorra was the responsibility of France and Spain.Angoche – Angoche Sultanate Widely recognized independent state. Anhalt – Duchy of Anhalt Widely recognized independent state to 1 July 1867. Member of the German Confederation. State of the North German Confederation from 1 July 1867. Anhalt-Bernburg – Duchy of Anhalt-Bernburg Widely recognized independent state to 1863. Member of the German Confederation. Merged into the re-unified Duchy of Anhalt in 1863. Anhalt-Dessau – Duchy of Anhalt-Dessau Widely recognized independent state to 1863. Member of the German Confederation. Merged into the re-unified Duchy of Anhalt in 1863. Ankole – Kingdom of Ankole Widely recognized state.Annam – Empire of Annam Widely recognized state. Internal imperial system within Chinese tributary.Anziku – Anziku Kingdom Widely recognized state. → Argentine Confederation Argentine Republic Widely recognized state.Aro – Aro Confederacy Widely recognized state. – Asante Union Widely recognized state. Aussa – Sultanate of Aussa Widely recognized state. → Austria-Hungary / Austria Austrian Empire Austro-Hungarian Empire Widely recognized state. Avaria – Avar Khanate Widely recognized state to 1864. Annexed by Russia in 1864.B – Grand Duchy of Baden Widely recognized state. Member of the German Confederation.Baguirmi – Kingdom of Baguirmi Tributary state of the Bornu Empire. Bali – Kingdom of Bali Widely recognized state. Bali was a series of kingdoms that ruled the island of Bali.Bamana – Bamana Empire Widely recognized state to 1861. Annexed by the Toucouleur Empire in 1861. Baol – Kingdom of BaolInstitut fondamental d'Afrique noire, Bulletin: Sciences humaines, Volume 38 (1976), pp. 452-458 Widely recognized state. – Kingdom of Barotseland Widely recognized state.Basutoland – Kingdom of Basutoland Widely recognized state to 1868. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1868. – Kingdom of Bavaria Widely recognized state. Member of the German Confederation. – Kingdom of Belgium Widely recognized state. Belgium has sovereignty over 1 condominium: Moresnet Beni Abbas – Kingdom of Beni Abbas Widely recognized state. – Kingdom of Benin Widely recognized state.Bhutan – Kingdom of Bhutan Widely recognized state.Biu – Biu Kingdom Widely recognized state.Bohemia – Kingdom of Bohemia Widely recognized state. Bolivia – Bolivian Republic Widely recognized state. Bora Bora – Kingdom of Bora Bora Widely recognized state. Bornu – Bornu Empire Widely recognized state.Brakna – Brakna Emirate Widely recognized state. Brazil – Empire of Brazil Brazil was a federation of 20 states and one federal district. – Free Hanseatic City of Bremen Widely recognized state to 1 July 1867. Member of the German Confederation. State of the North German Confederation from 1 July 1867. Brunei – Sultanate of Brunei Widely recognized state. – Duchy of Brunswick Widely recognized state to 1 July 1867. Member of the German Confederation. State of the North German Confederation from 1 July 1867. Buganda – Kingdom of Buganda Widely recognized state. Bukhara – Emirate of Bukhara Widely recognized state. Bulungan – Sultanate of Bulungan Widely recognized state. Vassal state of Sulu. Bunyoro – Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom Widely recognized state. Burma – Kingdom of Burma Widely recognized state.Burundi – Kingdom of Burundi Widely recognized state. Busoga – Kingdom of Busoga Widely recognized state.C Cambodia – Kingdom of Cambodia Widely recognized state to 11 August 1863. Annexed by France from 11 August 1863. → Canada – Dominion of Canada Widely recognized state from 1 July 1867. Commonwealth realm. Cayor – Kingdom of Cayor Widely recognized state. Central Italy – United Provinces of Central Italy Widely recognized state to 22 March 1860. Client state of the Kingdom of Sardinia to 22 March 1860. Annexed by the Kingdom of Sardinia on 22 March 1860. Champasak – Kingdom of Champasak Widely recognized state. Vassal state of Siam. Cherokee Nation Widely recognized state to 1865. Incorporated into the United States in 1865. – Republic of Chile Widely recognized state. – Great Qing Empire Widely recognized state. China had sovereignty over the following territories: Lanfang Republic Sikkim Tibet Circassia – Circassian Parliament Widely recognized state. Not recognized by the Russian Empire. Annexed by the Russian Empire on 21 May 1864. → Colombia / Granadine Confederation Granadine Confederation United States of Colombia Widely recognized state. Costa Rica – Republic of Costa Rica Widely recognized state.DDagbon – Kingdom of Dagbon Widely recognized state. Dahomey – Kingdom of Dahomey Widely recognized state. Dai Nam – Dai Nam Realm Widely recognized state. Tributary state of China.Damagaram – Sultanate of Damagaram Widely recognized state.Dar al Kuti – Sultanate of Dar Al Kuti Widely recognized state. Vassal state of Dar Runga.Darfur – Sultanate of Darfur Widely recognized state to 1874. Danish Unitary State Kingdom of Denmark Widely recognized state. Denmark had sovereignty over the following overseas territories: Danish West Indies Greenland Iceland – Emirate of Dhala Widely recognized state. → Dominican Republic Widely recognized state under the sovereignty of Spain from 1861 to 1865.Dosso – Dosso Kingdom Widely recognized state.E → – Republic of Ecuador Widely recognized state. → → → El Salvador – Republic of El Salvador Widely recognized state. – Ethiopian Empire Widely recognized state.F Fadhli – Fadhli Sultanate Widely recognized state.Fante – Fante Confederacy Widely recognized state from 1868. France – Empire of the French Widely recognized independent state. France had sovereignty over the following overseas territories: → Cambodia French Algeria French Cochinchina French Gabon French Guiana French India French Ivory Coast French Oceania – French Establishments in Oceania Guadeloupe Martinique Mayotte New Caledonia Obock Réunion Saint Pierre and Miquelon Shanghai Tientsin Frankfurt – Free City of Frankfurt Widely recognized independent state to 20 September 1866. Member of the German Confederation to 20 September 1866. Annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia on 20 September 1866. Futa Jallon – Imamate of Futa Jallon Widely recognized state.GGaro – Kingdom of Garo Widely recognized state.Gaza – Gaza Empire Widely recognized state.Geledi – Sultanate of the Geledi Widely recognized state.Gera – Kingdom of Gera Widely recognized state.Gomma – Kingdom of Gomma Widely recognized state. Gowa – Sultanate of Gowa Widely recognized state. Greece – Kingdom of Greece Widely recognized state. Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala Widely recognized state.Gumma – Kingdom of Gumma Widely recognized state.Gyaaman – State of Gyaaman Widely recognized state.H Ha'il – Emirate of Jabal Shammar Widely recognized state. Haiti – Republic of Haiti Widely recognized state. – Free City of Hamburg Widely recognized independent state to 1 July 1867. Member of the German Confederation. State of the North German Confederation from 1 July 1867. – Kingdom of Hanover Widely recognized independent state to 20 September 1866. Member of the German Confederation to 20 September 1866. Annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia on 20 September 1866. Harar – Emirate of Harar Widely recognized state. Hawaii – Kingdom of Hawaii Widely recognized state. Hesse-Darmstadt – Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine Widely recognized state. Member of the German Confederation to 1866. State of the North German Confederation from 1867. Hesse-Homburg – Landgraviate of Hesse-Homburg Widely recognized state to 24 March 1866. Member of the German Confederation to 1866. Returned to the Grand Duchy of Hesse on 24 March 1866. Hesse-Kassel – Electorate of Hesse Widely recognized state to 20 June 1866. Member of the German Confederation to 20 June 1866. Annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia on 20 June 1866. Holstein – Duchy of Holstein Widely recognized state to 30 October 1864. In personal union with Denmark to 30 October 1864. Member of the German Confederation to 30 October 1864. Placed under joint rule by the Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire from 30 October 1864. → – Republic of Honduras Widely recognized state. Huahine – Kingdom of Huahine Widely recognized state. Hunza – State of Hunza Widely recognized state.IIgala – Igala Kingdom Widely recognized state.Igara – Kingdom of Igara
Widely recognized state.Ilé-Ifẹ̀ – Ilé-Ifẹ̀ Kingdom Widely recognized state. Isaaq – Isaaq Sultanate Widely recognized state. – Kingdom of Italy Widely recognized independent state from 17 March 1861.J → Japan Tokugawa shogunate Empire of Japan Widely recognized state. Japan had sovereignty over the following overseas territories: Hokkaido Jimma – Kingdom of Jimma Widely recognized state. – Jolof Kingdom Widely recognized state.KKaabu – Kaabu Empire Widely recognized state to 1867. Annexed by the Imamate of Futa Jallon in 1867.Kaarta – Kingdom of Kaarta Capital: Diangounté, Nioros Widely recognized state.Kabulistan – Kingdom of Kabul Widely recognized state.Kaffa – Kingdom of Kaffa Capital: Bonga, Anderaccha Widely recognized state.Kajara – Kajara Kingdom Widely recognized state. Kakongo – Kingdom of Kakongo Widely recognized state. Kalat – Khanate of Kalat Widely recognized state. Kano – Emirate of Kano Widely recognized state. Vassal of the Sokoto CaliphateKasanje – Jaga Kingdom Widely recognized state. Kashgaria – Kashgar Emirate Widely recognized state from 1862. Kathiri – Hadhrami Kathiri Dynasty in Seiyun Widely recognized state.Kebbi – Kebbi Emirate Widely recognized state.Kénédougou – Kénédougou Kingdom Widely recognized state.Khasso – Kingdom of Khasso Widely recognized state. Khiva – Khanate of Khiva Widely recognized state. Kokand – Khanate of Kokand Widely recognized state.Kong – Kong Empire Widely recognized state. Kongo – Kingdom of Kongo Vassal of the Kingdom of Portugal. Korea – Kingdom of Great Joseon Widely recognized state.Koya Temne – Kingdom of Koya Widely recognized state.Kuba – Kingdom of Kuba Widely recognized state.LLafia Beri-Beri – Lafia Beri-Beri Kingdom Widely recognized state. – Republic of Liberia Widely recognized state. – Principality of Liechtenstein Widely recognized state. Limburg – Duchy of Limburg Widely recognized state to 11 May 1867. Member of the German Confederation. Annexed by the Netherlands on 11 May 1867.Limmu-Ennarea – Kingdom of Limmu-Ennarea Widely recognized state. Lippe – Principality of Lippe Widely recognized state to 1 July 1867. Member of the German Confederation. Annexed by the Netherlands on 11 May 1867. State of the North German Confederation from 1867. Loango – Kingdom of Loango Widely recognized state. Lower Yafa – Sultanate of Lower Yafa Widely recognized state.Luba – Luba Empire Widely recognized state. Lübeck – Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck Widely recognized state to 1867. Member of the German Confederation. State of the North German Confederation from 1867.Lunda – Luba Empire