Caralho

(, ) is a vulgar Portuguese-language word with a variety of meanings and uses. Literally, it is a noun referring to the penis, similar to English dick, but it is also used as an interjection expressing surprise, admiration, or dismay in both negative and positive senses in the same way as fuck in English. is also used in the intensifiers , placed after adjectives and sometimes adverbs and nouns to mean "very much" or "lots of", and , both of which are equivalent to the English vulgarities fucking and as fuck.

is cognate with Spanish and , Galician , Asturian carayu and Catalan . However, cognates have not been identified in other Iberian languages including Basque. Italian has , a word with the same meaning, but attempts to link it to the same etymology fail on phonological grounds because the of (or its absence in ) remains unexplained, and no Latin phonological sequence develops as both in Spanish and in Italian.

Records show that the word has been in use since the 10th century in Portugal, appearing on the "poems of insult and mockery" in the Galician-Portuguese lyric. After the Counter-Reformation, the word became obscene and its original sense meaning the erect penis became less common. Nowadays, is commonly used as a dysphemism and in erotism. The word is also used in the abbreviation form of crl, krl and krai.

Etymology The etymology of and its cognates is uncertain, but several hypotheses have been put forward. On the basis of both semantics and historical phonology, the most plausible source appears to be unattested Vulgar Latin , which would have been a Latinized diminutive of Ancient Greek (, "stick").

Philologist and Romanist Joan Coromines suggested that the word may have a Pre-Roman origin in the Celtic root .

Etymologist Christian Schmitt proposed that the etymon is Ancient Greek (, "nut").

History

In the 10th century, the word was commonly used to name mounts that had a phallic shape. An early evidence of its vulgarity stems from 974, when the Monastery of Sant Pere de Rodes received a donation from Gausfred, Count of Rossillon, which referred to , a nearby mount, as having "a dishonest and indecorous name, although well-known by everyone".Abadal: Cataluña Carolingia, cited at Diccionario Etimológico de la Lengua Castellana de Joan Corominas In 982, King Lothair of France donated land to the same monastery: .

A vulgar Galician-language poem from the mid-13th century, by Castilian trovador Pedro Burgalês, uses the word in reference to a woman named Maria Negra, who had a strong desire for the phallus:

Galician-Portuguese poet Martin Soares mentions an anti-hero named Dom Caralhote (a parody of Lancelot) who is kidnapped and locked for life by a damsel he once dishonored:

Caralho

Bron en licentie