Tartakover or Tartakower is a gender-neutral Jewish surname. It is related to the surname Tartakovsky, both meaning "from ".

People with the surname include: Aryeh Tartakower (1897–1982), Polish-born Israeli political activist, historian and sociologist David Tartakover (1944–2025), Israeli graphic designer and political activist Savielly Tartakower (1887–1956), Polish and French chess grandmaster Theo Tartakover (1887–1977), Australian swimmer

See also