List of state leaders in the 17th century

This is a list of state leaders in the 17th century (1601–1700) AD, except for the leaders within the Holy Roman Empire, and the leaders within South Asia.

These polities are generally sovereign states, but excludes minor dependent territories, whose leaders can be found listed under territorial governors in the 17th century. For completeness, these lists can include colonies, protectorates, or other dependent territories that have since gained sovereignty.

Africa

Africa: Central

Angola

Kasanje Kingdom (complete list) – Kalanda ka Imbe, King (c.1600s) Kulashingo, King (c.1610–1616) Kasanje ka Kulashingo, King (c.1616–1620s) Kalunga ka Kilombo, King (c.1630s–1650) Ngongo a Mbande, King (c.1650–1680) Dom. Pascoal Machado, King (1680) Kingwangwa kya Kima, King (c.1680–1681) Kitamba kya Keta, King (1681–1690) Mwanya a Kasanje, King (c.1690s) Kiluanje kya Ngonga, King (c.1690s–1700s)

Kingdom of Kongo (complete list) – Kwilu dynasty Álvaro II, Manikongo (1587–1614) Bernardo II, Manikongo (1614–1615) Álvaro III, Manikongo (1615–1622) Kinkanga dynasty Pedro II, Manikongo (1622–1624) Garcia I, Manikongo (1624–1626) Kwilu dynasty Ambrósio I, Manikongo (1626–1631) Álvaro IV, Manikongo (1631–1636) Kimpanzu dynasty Álvaro V, Manikongo (1636) Kinlaza dynasty Álvaro VI, Manikongo (1636–1641) Garcia II, Manikongo (1641–1660) António I, Manikongo (1660–1665) Civil War: Awenekongo Afonso II, Manikongo (1665) Álvaro VII, Manikongo (1665–1666) Álvaro VIII, Manikongo (1666–1669) Pedro III, Manikongo (1669) Álvaro IX, Manikongo (1669–1670) Rafael I, Manikongo (1670–1673) Afonso III, Manikongo (1673–1674) Daniel I, Manikongo (1674–1678)

Kongo claimants of Kibangu (complete list) – Garcia III of Kibangu, Awenekongo (1669–1685) André I of Kibangu, Awenekongo (1685) Manuel I of Kibangu, Awenekongo (1685–1688) Álvaro X of Kibangu, Awenekongo (1688–1695) Pedro IV, Awenekongo (1695–1709)

Kongo claimants of Lemba (complete list) – Pedro III, Awenekongo (1669–1680) João II of Lemba, Awenekongo (1680–1716)

Kongo claimants of Mbamba Lovata (complete list) – Manuel of Lovata, Awenekongo (1678–1715)

Kingdom of Matamba (complete list) – Mwongo Matamba, Queen (?–1631) Nzinga Mbande, Queen (1631–1663) Barbara, Queen (1663–1666) Njinga Mona, King (1666–1669) João, King (1669–1670) Njinga Mona, King (1670–1680) Francisco I, King (1680–1681) Verónica I, Queen (1681–1721)

Portuguese Angola, (complete list) – Colony, 1575–1951 For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Cameroon

Fondom of Bafut (complete list) – Feurlu, King (1516–1552) Nebasi Suh, King (1552–1570) Ambebi Ferh, King (1570–1635) Nebanfor, King (1635–1677) Chunga, King (1677–1708)

Kingdom of Bamum (complete list) – Ngapna, Mfon (1590–1629) Ngouloure, Mfon (1629–1672) Koutou, Mfon (1672–1757)

Chad

Sultanate of Bagirmi (complete list) – ‘Abdallah, Mbangi (1568–1608) ‘Umar (1608–1625) Dalai, Mbangi (1625–1635) Burkomanda I, Mbangi (1635–1665) ‘Abdul Rahman I, Mbangi (1665–1674) Dalo Birni, Mbangi (1674–1680) ‘Abdul Qadir I, Mbangi (1680–1707)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the

Kuba Kingdom (complete list)Joyce (M.A.) & Torday (E.), Notes ethnographiques sur les peuples communément appelés Bakuba, ainsi que sur les peuplades apparentées, les Bushongo. Bruxelles 1910; page 17-19 – Shamba Bolongongo, Nyim (c.1600) Bongo Lenge, Nyim (17th century) Golo Bosh, Nyim (17th century) Boni Bosh, Nyim (17th century) Kongo Kama Bomanchala, Nyim (17th century) Bo Kama Bomanchala, Nyim (c.1680) Golo Boke, Nyim (late 17th century) Bokere Boke, Nyim (late 17th century) KotomBoke, Nyim (17th or 18th century)

Kingdom of Lunda (complete list) – Cibind Yirung, Mwaantaangaand (c.1600–c.1630) Yaav I a Yirung, Mwaantaangaand (c.1630–c.1660) Yaav II a Nawej, Mwaantaangaand (c.1660–c.1690) Mbala I Yaav, Mwaant Yaav (c.1690–c.1720)

Congo, Republic of the

Kingdom of Loango (complete list) – Moe Poaty I Kamangou, King (16th or 17th century) Ngouli N'Kama Loembe, King (17th century) N'Gangue M'voumbe Niambi, King (late 17th century)

Gabon

Kingdom of Orungu (complete list) – Reto Ndongo, Founder (c.1700–?)

São Tomé and Príncipe

Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe (complete list) – Colony, 1470–1951 For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Africa: East

Great Lakes area

Burundi

Kingdom of Burundi (complete list) – Ntare I Rushatsi Cambarantama, King (c.1530–c.1550) Mwezi I Baridamunka, King (c.1550–c.1580) Mutaga I Mutabazi, King (c.1580–c.1600) Mwambutsa I Nkomati, King (c.1600–c.1620) Ntare II Kibogora, King (c.1620–c.1650) Mwezi II Nyaburunga, King (c.1650–c.1680) Ntare I, King (c.1680–c.1709)

Kenya

Sultanate of Mombasa (complete list) – Yusuf ibn al-Hasan (1614–1632)

Pate Sultanate: Nabahani dynasty (complete list) – Bwana Mkuu, Mfalume (1688–1713)

Rwanda

Kingdom of Rwanda (complete list) – Kigeli II Nyamuheshera, King (1576–1609) Mibamwe II Sekarongoro II Gisanura, King (1609–1642) Yuhi III Mazimpaka, King (1642–1675) Cyilima II Rujugira, King (1675–1708)

South Sudan

Shilluk Kingdom – Odaagø Ocøllø, Rädh (c.1600–1635) Dhokoth, Rädh (c.1670–1690) Tugø, Rädh (c.1690–1710)

Uganda

Buganda (complete list) – Suuna I, Kabaka (c.1584–c.1614) Sekamaanya, Kabaka (c.1614–c.1634) Kimbugwe, Kabaka (c.1634–c.1644) Kateregga, Kabaka (c.1644–c.1674) Mutebi I, Kabaka (c.1674–c.1680) Juuko, Kabaka (c.1680–c.1690) Kayemba, Kabaka (c.1690–c.1704)

Bunyoro (complete list) – Cwamali, Omukama Masamba, Omukama Anabwani I, Omukama (late 17th century) Kyebambe I, Omukama Winyi III, Omukama Nyaika, Omukama

Horn of Africa area

Ethiopia

Ethiopian Empire: Solomonic dynasty (complete list) – Za Dengel, Emperor (1603–1604) Yaqob, Emperor (1597–1603, 1604–1606) Susenyos I, Emperor (1606–1632) Fasilides, Emperor (1632–1667) Yohannes I, Emperor (1667–1682) Iyasu I, Emperor (1682–1706)

Ennarea (complete list)Information about pre-Oromo kings from Werner J. Lange, History of the Southern Gonga (Southwestern Ethiopia), (Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1982), pp. 28–30. – Badancho, Hinnare-tato (c.1580–1603) Benero, Hinnare-tato (c.1605–1619) Sysgayo, Hinnare-tato (c.1619–1630) Emana Krestos, Hinnare-tato (c.1630–1640) Gumičo, Hinnare-tato (c.1650–1645) Techochi, Hinnare-tato (mid 17th century) Gaha Nechocho, Hinnare-tato (mid 17th century) Gawa Sherocho, Hinnare-tato (late 17th century)

Kingdom of Garo (complete list)Werner J. Lange, History of the Southern Gonga (Southwestern Ethiopia) (Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1982), p. 64. – Ambiraj, Tato (1567–1600) Magela, Tato (1600–1630) Daro, Tato (1630–1660) Chowaka, Tato (1660–1690) Leliso, Tato (1690–1720)

Emirate of Harar (complete list) – ʿAli ibn Dā'ūd, Emīr (1647–1662) Hāshim ibn ʿAli, Emīr (1662–1671) ʿAbdullah ibn ʿAli, Emīr (1671–1700) Ṭalḥa ibn ʿAbdullah, Emīr (1700–1721)

Kingdom of Kaffa (complete list)C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford, Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593–1646 (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), p. lvi. Amnon Orent, "Refocusing on the History of Kafa prior to 1897: A Discussion of Political Processes" in African Historical Studies, Vol. 3, No. 2. (1970), p. 268. – Bong-he or Borrete or Bongatato, King (1565–1605) Giba Nekiok or Bonge or Galo Nechocho, King (1605–1640) Gali Gafocho or Gali Ginok, King (1640–1675) Gali Ginocho or Tan Ginok, King (1675–1710)

Kingdom of Welayta: Tigre dynasty (complete list)C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford, Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593–1646 (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), pp. lxv – lxvii. – Gazenja, Kawa (17th century) Gazenya Addayo, Kawa (17th century)

Somalia

Sultanate of the Geledi (complete list) – Ibrahim Adeer, Sultan (late 17th century–mid 18th century)

Warsangali Sultanate – Garaad Abdale, Sultan (1585–1612) Garaad Ali, Sultan (1612–1655) Garaad Mohamud IV, Sultan (1655–1675) Garaad Naleye, Sultan (1675–1705)

Indian Ocean

Comoros

Sultanate of Ndzuwani (complete list) – Alimah III, Sultan/female ruler (c.1676–c.1711)

Madagascar

Merina Kingdom (complete list) – Ralambo, King (1575–1612) Andrianjaka, King (1612–1630) Andriantsitakatrandriana, King (1630–1650) Andriantsimitoviaminandriandehibe, King (1650–1670) Andrianjaka Razakatsitakatrandriana, King (1670–1675) Andriamasinavalona, King (1675–1710)

Boina Kingdom (complete list) – Andriamandisoarivo (Tsimanata), King (c.1690–1720)

Africa: Northcentral

Tunisia

Eyalet of Tunis: Muradid dynasty – Murad I, Bey (1613–1631) Hammuda Pasha, Bey (1631–1666) Murad II, Bey (1666–1675) Mohamed El Mouradi, Bey (1686–1696)

Africa: Northeast

Egypt

Sudan

Sultanate of Darfur (complete list) – Sulayman Solong, Sultan (c.1660–c.1680) Musa Sulayman, Sultan (c.1680–?)

Funj Sultanate (complete list) – Unsa I, Sultan (1591–1603/4) Abd al-Qadir II, Sultan (1603/4–1606) Adlan I, Sultan (1606–1611/2) Badi I, Sultan (1611/2–1616/7) Rabat I, Sultan (1616/7–1644/5) Badi II, Sultan (1644/5–1681) Unsa II, Sultan (1681–1692) Badi III, Sultan (1692–1716)

Africa: Northwest

Algeria

Regency of Algiers (Sultans / Governors) – Vassal state, 1671–1830 Ismail, Pasha (1659–1686) Mezzo Morto Hüseyin, Pasha (1686–1687) Mustapha V, Pasha (1694) Umar Pasha, Pasha (1694–1695) Musa, Pasha (1695–1698) Umar Pasha, Pasha (1698–1700) Pashas without power, 1700–1711

Morocco

Saadi dynasty of Morocco (complete list) – Ahmad al-Mansur, Sultan (1578–1603) Succession war: 1603–1627 Abu Faris Abdallah, Sultan (1603–1608) Zidan Abu Maali, Sultan (1603–1627) Abd al-Malik II, Sultan (1627–1631) Al-Walid ibn Zidan, Sultan (1631–1636) Mohammed esh-Sheikh es-Seghir, Sultan (1636–1655) Ahmad al-Abbas, Sultan (1655–1659)

Morocco, Dila'i interlude (complete list) – Muhammad al-Haj ad-Dila'i, Sultan (1659–1663)

Alaouite dynasty of Morocco (complete list) – Al-Rashid, Sultan (1666–1672) Ismail Ibn Sharif, Sultan (1672–1727)

Africa: South

Angola

Kingdom of Ndongo (complete list) – Mbandi a Ngola, Ngola (1592–1617) Ngola Mbandi, Ngola (1617–1624) Nzinga of Ndongo and Matamba, Queen (1624–1626) under Portuguese vassalage Hari a Kiluanje, King (1626) Hari, King (1626–1657) of Ndongo-Matamba; Nzinga of Ndongo and Matamba, Queen (1657–1663) of the state of Pungo a Ndongo; Mukambu Mbandi, Queen (1663–1671)

Mozambique

Portuguese Mozambique (complete list) – Colony, 1498–1972 For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

South Africa

Dutch Cape Colony (complete list) – Company rule of the Dutch East India Company, 1652–1795; British occupation, 1795–1803 For details see the Netherlands under western Europe

Zimbabwe

Kingdom of Mutapa (complete list) – Gatsi Rusere, Mwenemutapa (1589–1623) Nyambu Kapararidze, Mwenemutapa (1623–1629) becomes a Portuguese vassal (1629) Mavura Mhande Felipe, Mwenemutapa (1629–1652) Siti Kazurukamusapa, Mwenemutapa (1652–1663) becomes a Rozwi Vassal (1663) Kamharapasu Mukombwe, Mwenemutapa (1663–1692) Nyakambira, Mwenemutapa (1692–1694) returns to Portuguese vassalage (1694) Nyamaende Mhande, Mwenemutapa (1694–1707)

Rozvi Empire (complete list) – Changamire Tumbare, King (1530–c.1660) Changamire Dombo, King (c.1660–1695) Changamire Zharare, King (c.1695–c.1700) Changamire Negamo, King (c.1700–1710)

Africa: West

Benin

Kingdom of Benin (complete list) – Ehengbuda, Oba (1580–1602) Ohuan, Oba (1602–1656) Ohenzae, Oba (1656–1661) Akenzae, Oba (1661–1669) Akengboi, Oba (1669–1675) Akenkpaye, Oba (1675–1684) Akengbedo, Oba (1684–1689) Ore-Oghene, Oba (1689–1701)

Abomey (complete list) – Do-Aklin, ruler (c.1600) Dakodonou, ruler (c.1625–1645)

Hogbonu (complete list) – Té-Agbanlin, Ahosu (1688–1729)

Burkina Faso

Mossi Kingdom of Nungu (complete list) – Kampadiboaghi, Nunbado (1571–1615) Kampadi, Nunbado (1615–1659) Tantiari, Nunbado (1659–1684) Lissoangui, Nunbado (1684–1709)

Cape Verde

Portuguese Cape Verde (complete list) – Colony, 1462–1951 For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Ghana

Kingdom of Ashanti (complete list) – Osei Kofi Tutu I, Asantehene (c.1675/80–1717)

Denkyira, or Agona (complete list) – Mumunumfi, Agonahene (1588–1620)