Prince of Qin () was a first-rank princely peerage of the Ming dynasty. The princedom was created by the Hongwu Emperor for his second son, Zhu Shuang.
Generation names / poem The generation poem given by Hongwu Emperor was:
The mainline members used the poem until the name "Cun" (存), which was the same generation as Tianqi Emperor and Chongzhen Emperor.
Princedom of Qin
- Prince of Qin - Hereditary Prince of Qin
Zhu Shuang (; 3 Dec 1356 – 9 Apr 1395) (1st), Hongwu Emperor's second son. He was made Prince of Qin in 1370 by his father and took his fief in 1378, which was located at Xi'an. His full posthumous name was Prince Min of Qin (秦愍王) Zhu Shangbing (; 25 Nov 1380 – 21 Apr 1412) (2nd), Zhu Shuang's eldest son, he succeeded the princedom from 1395 to 1412. His full posthumous name was Prince Yin of Qin (秦隱王) Zhu Zhijun (; 1403–1426) (4th), Zhu Shangbing's eldest son from his secondary consort. He initially was made a second-rank prince under the title Prince of Weinan Comm. (渭南郡王) from 1403 to 1424. He succeeded the princedom from 1424 to 1426. He died childlessly and was succeeded by his younger full-brother. His full posthumous name was Prince Huai of Qin (秦懷王) Zhu Zhigeng (; 1404–1424) (3rd), Zhu Shuang's second son and eldest son from his primary consort. He succeeded the princedom from 1412 to 1424. He died childlessly and was succeeded by his elder half-brother. His full posthumous name was Prince Xi of Qin (秦僖王) Zhu Zhiqie (; 1404–1455) (5th), Zhu Shuang's third son. He initially was made a second-rank prince under the title Prince of Fuping Comm. (富平郡王) from 1422 to 1428. He succeeded the princedom from 1428 to 1455. His full posthumous name was Prince Kang of Qin (秦康王) Zhu Gongming, Zhu Zhiqie's eldest son. He was made Prince of Lintong Comm. in his lifetime. He was posthumously honoured as a Prince of Qin under the posthumous title "Prince An of Qin" (秦安王) after his grandson succeeded the princedom of Qin. Zhu Chengrun, Zhu Gongming's eldest son. He was made a defender general under the designation of Prince of Lintong Comm. He was posthumously honoured as a Prince of Qin under the posthumous title "Prince Gong of Qin" (秦恭王) after his great-grandson succeeded the princedom of Qin. Zhu Bingfu, Zhu Chengrun's second son. He was made a bulwark general under the designation of Prince of Lintong Comm. He was posthumously honoured as a Prince of Qin under the posthumous title "Prince Shun of Qin" (秦順王) after his grandson succeeded the princedom of Qin. Zhu Weilian, Zhu Bingfu's second son. He was made a supporter general under the designation of Prince of Lintong Comm. He was posthumously honoured as Prince of Qin under the posthumous title "Prince Duan of Qin" (秦端王) after his son succeeded the princedom. Zhu Huaiquan (; 1524–1566) (10th). He initially was made a defender lieutenant under the designation of Prince of Lintong Comm. He succeeded the princedom from 1548 to 1566. His full posthumous name was Prince Xuan of Qin (秦宣王) Zhu Jingrong (; 1541–1576) (11th), Zhu Huaiquan's eldest son. He initially was made a second-rank prince under the title Prince of Longde Comm. (隆德郡王) from 1550 to 1569. He succeeded the princedom from 1569 to 1576. His full posthumous name was Prince Jing of Qin (秦靖王) Zhu Yihan (; d.1586) (12th), Zhu Jingrong's eldest son. He was designated hereditary prince in 1575 and succeeded the princedom from 1581 to 1586. He died childlessly and was succeeded by his younger brother. His full posthumous name was Prince Jing of Qin (秦敬王) Zhu Yihuan () (13th), Zhu Jingrong's third son. He initially was made a supporter lieutenant in 1585, then promoted to the rank of second-rank prince under the title Prince of Ziyang Comm. (紫陽郡王). He succeeded the princedom from 1587 to before 1637. His posthumous name was Prince Su of Qin (秦肅王) Zhu Cunshu (朱存樞; 22 Feb 1592 – 29 Mar 1629), Zhu Yihuan's eldest son, was designated hereditary prince from 1616 to 1629, died before his father and sonlessly. Zhu Cunji (; 8 Sep 1595 – 17 Mar 1641) (14th), Zhu Yihuan's third son. He initially was made a supporter lieutenant in 1626, then promoted to the rank of commandery prince. He was designated hereditary prince in 1629 and succeeded the princedom from 1637 to 1641. He died childlessly and was succeeded by his younger brother. His full posthumous name was Prince Jing of Qin (秦景王) Zhu Cunji (; d.1643) (15th), initially was made a supporter lieutenant in 1626, then promoted to the rank of commandery prince. He succeeded the princedom from 1641 and surrendered to Li Zicheng in 1643. He later surrenders to Qing dynasty in 1644 and was executed by the Qing court in May 1646, at Caishikou Execution Grounds. He had no child or posthumous name. Zhu Cunfu (; d.1649; 16th), he initially was honoured as Prince of Hanzhong Comm. (漢中郡王) by Sun Shoufa () from 1645 to 1649. He was then honoured as the Prince of Qin in 1649 by Zhao Ronggui (). He plunged himself at Zishui River ().《南明史》 He had no child or posthumous name. Zhu Jingzhen (朱敬鉁; 2 Jan 1555 – 14 Jan 1560), Zhu Huaiquan's second son, died to smallpox and was posthumously created the title of hereditary prince. Zhu Chengcan, Zhu Gongming's fourth son and eldest son from his primary consort. He succeeded the second-rank Princedom of Lintong Comm. He was posthumously honoured as a Prince of Qin under the posthumous title "Prince Zhuang of Qin" (秦莊王) after his second son succeeded the princedom of Qin. Zhu Bingshuang (; 1481–1501) (8th), Zhu Chengcan's second son. He initially succeeded the second-rank princedom of Lintong Comm. He then succeeded the princedom of Qin from 1500 to 1501. His full posthumous name was Prince Zhao of Qin (秦昭王) Zhu Weichao (; 1499–1544) (9th), he succeeded the princedom from 1510 to 1544. He died childlessly and was succeeded by his second cousin once removed, Zhu Huaiquan. His full posthumous name was Prince Ding of Qin (秦定王) Zhu Gongxi (; 1437–1486) (6th), Zhu Zhiqie's fourth son and eldest son from his primary consort. He succeeded the princedom from 1458 to 1486. His full posthumous name was Prince Hui of Qin (秦惠王) Zhu Chengyong (; 1454 - 1498) (7th), Zhu Gongxi's last surviving son. He initially was made a second-rank prince under the title Prince of Zhen'an Comm. (鎮安郡王) from 1468 to 1488. He succeeded the princedom from 1488 to 1498. He died childlessly and was succeeded by his first cousin once removed (see above). His full posthumous name was Prince Jian of Qin (秦簡王)
Cadet princedoms
The princedom of Qin has 20 cadet branches, four of these cadet princedoms' designation are unknown, and nine of these principalities had merged after the title holders succeeded the main line's princedom.
The princedom that has merged included: Prince of Weinan Comm. (渭南王), held by Zhu Zhijun, the 4th Prince of Qin, from 1403 to 1424 Prince of Fuping Comm. (富平王), held by Zhu Zhiqie, the 5th Prince of Qin, from 1422 to 1428 Prince of Lintong Comm. (see below), held by three princes until the third holder, Zhu Bingshuang, succeeded as the 8th Prince of Qin Prince of Zhen'an Comm. (鎮安王), held Zhu Chengyong, the 7th Prince of Qin, from 1468 to 1488 Prince of Longde (隆德王), held by Zhu Jingrong, the 11th Prince of Qin, from 1550 to 1569 Prince of Ziyang (紫陽王), held by Zhu Yihuan, the 13th Prince of Qin, from 1586 to 1587 Designation unknown, held by Zhu Cunji, the 14th Prince of Qin, from some year during Tianqi Emperor's reign to 1629, before he was made the heir of the principality of Qin Designation unknown, held by Zhu Cunji, the 15th Prince of Qin, from some year during Tianqi Emperor's reign to 1641
While there were another two princedoms with unknown designation, both of them made from some year during Tianqi Emperor's reign persons who held them were: Zhu Cunbi (朱存楅), younger son of Zhu Yihuan, the 13th Prince of Qin Zhu Cunyi (朱存檥), younger son of Zhu Yihuan, the 13th Prince of Qin
Princedom of Yongxing Comm. Prince of Yongxing Commandery (永興郡王) was created in 1403 for Zhu Shanglie, the second son of Zhu Shuang, 1st Prince of Qin. The title was abolished in 1573 by the Ming court and headed by the senior-most members. The princedom was located at Gongchang (), Shaanxi.
Zhu Shuang, Prince Min of Qin, the 1st Prince of Qin Zhu Shanglie (; 29 Sep 1384 – 22 Feb 1418) (1st), second son of Zhu Shuang, Prince Min of Qin, the 1st Prince of Qin. He was made Prince of Yongxing Comm. in 1403 and died in 1418. His full posthumous was Prince Yijian of Yongxing (永興懿簡王). Zhu Zhibao (; 1407 - 1454) (2nd), Zhu Shanglie's eldest son, he succeeded the princedom from 1423 and died in 1454. His full posthumous name was Prince Gongxian of Yongxing (永興恭憲王) Zhu Gongshi (; 1428 - 1488) (3rd), Zhu Zhibao's eldest son, he succeeded the princedom from 1455 and died in 1488. His full posthumous name was Prince Zhaoxi of Yongxing (永興昭僖王) Zhu Chenglan (; 1455 - 1507) (4th), he succeeded the princedom from 1492 and died in 1507. As both of his two sons died before him, he was succeeded by Zhu Bingju, his first cousin once removed. His full posthumous name was Prince Ronghui of Yongxing (永興榮惠王) Zhu Bingrou (), was made a bulwark general, he died before his father. Zhu Gongran (), Zhu Zhibao's second son, was made a defender general. Zhu Chengyi (, was made a bulwark general. Zhu Bingju (; d.1533) (5th), he initially was made a supporter general. He succeeded the princedom from 1512 from his father's cousin, Zhu Chenglan but his succession was considered counterfeit after his death. His full posthumous name was Prince Zhuangding of Yongxing (永興莊定王) Zhu Weisui (; d.1573) (6th), Zhu Bingju's eldest son, he succeeded the princedom from 1540 but his succession through his father was considered counterfeit. Having self-confessed his succession illegal, he was permitted to hold his princely title until his death. After the princedom was abolished, his son Zhu Huaitian was appointed to head the clan. His full posthumous name was Prince Gongding of Yongxing (永興恭定王) Zhu Huaitian (), was made a bulwark lieutenant. He headed the clan in 1575 after his father's death. Succession of headship unknown
Princedom of Bao'an Comm. Prince of Bao'an Commandery (保安郡王) was created in 1403, for Zhu Shangyu, third son of Zhu Shuang, the 1st Prince of Qin. The title was abolished in 1554 by the Ming court. The princedom was initially located in Lintao (臨洮), Shaanxi, then changed to Xi'an.Comprehensive Records of Shaanxi, Volume 5
Zhu Shuang, Prince Min of Qin, the 1st Prince of Qin Zhu Shangyu (; 20 Nov 1385 - 25 Feb 1410Ming Shilu, Part Taizu, Volume 176) (1st), third son of Zhu Shuang, Prince Min of Qin, the 1st Prince of Qin. He was made Prince of Bao'an on 10 March 1403. His full posthumous name was Prince Huaixi of Bao'an (保安懷僖王)Ming Shilu, Part Taizu, Volume 100 Zhu Zhidong (; 1410 - 11 May 1436; 2nd), he succeeded the princedom from 1422 until his death in 1436.Ming Shilu, Part Taizu, Volume 239 His full posthumous name was Prince Daoshun of Bao'an (保安悼順王)Ming Shilu, Part Yingzong, Volume 16 Zhu Gonglian (; 19 Apr 1435 – 10 Mar 1475) (3rd), Zhu Zhidong's second son. He succeeded the princedom from 1447 until his death in 1475.Ming Shilu, Part Yingzong, Volume 141 His full posthumous name was Prince Zhuangjian of Bao'an (保安莊簡王) Zhu Chenghuang (; 1462 - 21 Jul 1496Ming Shilu, Part Xiaozng, Volume 102) (4th), Zhu Gonglian's third son.Ming Shilu, Part Xianzong, Volume 41 He succeeded the princedom from 1478 until his death in 1496.Ming Shilu, Part Yingzong, Volume 182 His was succeeded by his seventh brother, Zhu Chengdu, as his only son died before him.Ming Shilu, Part Xiazong, Volume 131 His full posthumous name was Prince Rongmu of Bao'an (保安榮穆王)Ming Shilu, Part Xiaozong, Volume 102 Zhu Bingyi (), died before his father.Ming Shilu, Part Xiaozong, Volume 57