The doctrine of attribution is a legal doctrine by which liability is extended to a defendant who did not actually commit the criminal act.Rethinking Criminal Law, 2000, Oxford University Press, George P.Fletcher, Examples include vicarious liability (when acts of another are imputed or "attributed" to a defendant), attempt to commit a crime (even though it was never completed), and conspiracy to commit a crime (when it is not completed or which is committed by another in the conspiracy).Criminal Law – Cases and Materials, 7th ed. 2012, Wolters Kluwer Law & Business; John Kaplan, Robert Weisberg, Guyora Binder,
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