Haplogroup T-L206, also known as haplogroup T1, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. The SNP that defines the T1 clade is L206. The haplogroup is one of two primary branches of T (T-M184), the other subclade being T2 (T-PH110).
T1 is the most common descendant of the T-M184 haplogroup, being the lineage of more than 95% of all T-M184 members in Africa and Eurasia (as well as countries to which those populations have migrated in the modern era, in the Americas and Australasia). T1 lineages are now found at high frequencies among northern Somali clans. It is hypothesized that T1* (if not some of its subclades) originated in Western Asia, and spread into Europe and North Africa with the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B culture (PPNB).
The basal clade T1* is rare, but has been found in at least three males from widely separated regions: a Berber from Tunisia, a Syrian, and a Macedonian.
T-L206's sole primary branch, T1a (M70), is believed to have originated about 15,900 – 23,900 BP, in the Near East. It appears that a number of individuals bearing T-M70 later migrated south to Africa.Underhill et al. 2000; Cruciani et al. 2002; Semino et al. 2002.
Structure
T1 (L206, L490) Found in Syria. T1a (M70/Page46/PF5662, PAGES78) Found in Early Neolithic skeleton found in Karsdorf, Germany, 7200 years old. Also in Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Ossetia, England, Italy and Portugal. T1a1 (L162/Page21, L299, L453/PF5617, L454) Found on Eivissa, northern Anatolia and Germany. T1a1a (L208/Page2, L905) Mostly found in Upper Egypt, Horn of Africa, western Europe, eastern Anatolia, Iran and the Arabian Peninsula. Some spots in western Morocco, Sahrawis and Canarias. T1a1a1 (P77,CTS8512) Mostly found in Middle East, Western Europe and Ashkenazi Jews. T1a1a2 (P321) Found in Syria and Ashkenazi Jews. T1a1a2a (P317) Found in Syria, Italian Jews and Ashkenazi Jews. T1a2 (L131) Mostly found in northern Europe, eastern Europe, southeastern Europe and Anatolia. Also found in Xinjiang, Lemba, Tunisia, south and east Iberian Peninsula. T1a2a (P322, P328) Found in Scandinavia, Denmark, Germany and Netherlands. Some spots in Yemenite Jews and Palestine(P327). T1a2b (L446) Found in Northwest Europe and eastern Alps. T1a3 (L1255) Found in Kuwait.
Subclade distribution
T1* (T-L206*) This lineage could have arrived in the Levant through the PPNB expansion from northeastern Anatolia.
PopulationLanguageLocationMembers/Sample sizePercentageSourceNotes Berbers Siwi (Berber) Sejenane1/472.1% Syrians UnspecifiedSyria 1/951.1% Macedonians Macedonian (Balto-Slavic)Macedonia 1/2010.5%Orthodox Christians of Macedonian ethnicity
T1a (M70)
PopulationLanguageLocationMembers/Sample sizePercentageSourceNotes Pityusic Islands Eivissenc (Ibizan) (Romance) Ibiza, Balearic Islands, Catalonia, Spain 9/54 16.7%L454+. All individuals carry typical Ibizan surnames and had paternal grandfathers born in Ibiza. Pityusic IslandsEivissenc Ibiza 7/967.3%L454+ Pityusic IslandsEivissenc Ibiza3/456.7%L454+
T1a1 (L162; xL208) T1a1 formed 17,400-14,600 BP, is the largest lineage downstream from T1a-M70 and became widespread across Eurasia and Africa before the modern era.
This extremely rare subclade has been found in Ibizan (Eivissan) islanders and Pontic Greeks from Giresun. The first Y-STR haplotype belonging to this lineage appeared in the paper of Tomas et al in 2006 among a sample of Eivissan individuals but is not until August 2009 when the first T1a1-L162(xL208) individual was reported in a 23andMe customer of Pontic Greek background and Metaxopoulos surname, thanks to the public Adriano Squecco's Y-Chromosome Genome Comparison Project.
Pontic Greeks from Giresun descend from Sinope colonists and Sinope was colonised by Ionians from Miletus. It is interesting to note that there existed an Ionian colony known as Pityussa, just like the known Greek name for Eivissa Pityuses. In Eivissa, archaeological findings include the famous bust of Demeter which has been confused with the Punic goddess Tanit for decades. The bust belonging to Demeter has been analysed and was found to contain black particles of volcanic sand, originating from Mount Etna. It is thought that the bust was made in Sicily, with red clays typical of the eastern Trinacria, which was colonized by the Ionians. The Ionians could be arrived to Eivissa c.2700 YBP. This lineage could be an Ionian marker. T1a1 formed 17,400-14,600 BP, is the largest lineage downstream from T1a-M70 and became widespread across Eurasia and Africa before the modern era.
T1a1a (L208)
This lineage, formed 14,200-11,000 BP, is the largest branch downstream T1a1-L162. First discovered and reported in August 2009 in a 23andMe customer of Iberian ancestry that participated in the public Squecco's Y-Chromosome Genome Comparison Project and appearing there as "Avilés" and as "AlpAstur" in 23andMe. Named as "L208" at November 2009.
T1a1a1a1b1a1 (Y3782; xY3836)
PopulationLanguageLocationMembers/Sample sizePercentageSourceNotes Sardinians Campidanese (Romance languages)Casteddu1/1870.5%
T1a1a1a1b1a1a (Y3836)
This lineage is mostly found among individuals from the Iberian Peninsula, where is found their highest diversity. The first Y-STR haplotype of this lineage, characterized by DYS437=13, was found in the public FTDNA Y-DNA Haplogroup T project, appearing there at April 2009 as kit E8011. However, is not until June 2014 when the Y-SNP Y3836 was discovered in the public YFULL project among two of their participants of Iberian ancestry, appearing there as YF01637 and YF01665.
PopulationLanguageLocationMembers/Sample sizePercentageSourceNotes Panamanians Panamian Castilian (Romance languages)Los Santos Province 1/303.3% Colombians Colombian Castilian (Romance languages)Caldas2/752.7%YHRDMestizo individuals Panamanians Panamian Castilian (Romance languages)Panama Province 1/432.3% Northwest Argentinians Argentinian Castilian (Romance languages)Mountainous region of Jujuy1/502% YHRDAdmixed population Puerto Ricans Puerto Rican Castilian (Romance languages)Southeast Puerto Rico2/1101.8% Northeastern Portuguese Jews Judaeo-Portuguese (Romance) Bragança, Argozelo, Carção, Mogadouro, and Vilarinho dos Galegos 1/571.8% Native Mirandese speakers Mirandese Astur-leonese (Romance) Miranda de l Douro 1/581.7% Dominicans Dominican Castilian (Romance languages)Dominican Republic4/2611.5% Panamanians Panamian Castilian (Romance languages)Chiriquí Province1/921.1% Mecklenburgers East Low Saxon (West Germanic)Rostock2/2001% Colombians Colombian Castilian (Romance languages)Bogotá2/1951%YHRDMestizo individuals Colombians Colombian Castilian (Romance languages)Valle del Cauca1/1031%YHRDMestizo individuals Venezuelans Venezuelan Castilian (Romance languages)Maracaibo1/1110.9% Venezuelans Venezuelan Castilian (Romance languages)Central Region1/1150.9% Europeans Brazilian Portuguese (Romance languages)São Paulo1/1200.8YHRDEuropean descents Ecuadorians Ecuadorian Castilian (Romance languages) Quito 1/1200.8% Colombians Colombian Castilian (Romance languages)Antioquia6/7770.7% Mexicans Mexican Castilian (Romance languages)Tuxtla Gutiérrez1/1540.7YHRDMestizo individuals Mexicans Mexican Castilian (Romance languages)Mérida1/1590.6%YHRDMestizo individuals Eastern Andalusians Andalusian (Romance)Granada1/1800.6% Colombians Colombian Castilian (Romance languages)Santander1/1930.5%YHRDMestizo individuals Chileans Chilean Castilian (Romance languages)Concepción1/1980.5%YHRD Mexicans Mexican Spanish (Romance languages)Guadalajara 1/2460.4%YHRDMestizo individuals Europeans Brazilian Portuguese (Romance languages)Rio Grande do Sul1/2550.4%
Geographical distribution
Europe
Cretan Greeks from Lasithi possess Haplogroup T, almost certainly T1a (M70), at a level of 18% (9/50).Giacomo 2003; Martinez2007.
Unconfirmed but probable T-M70+ : 14% (3/23) of Russians in Yaroslavl, 12.5% (3/24) of Italians in Matera, 10.3% (3/29) of Italians in Avezzano, 10% (3/30) of Tyroleans in Nonstal, 10% (2/20) of Italians in Pescara, 8.7% (4/46) of Italians in Benevento, 7.8% (4/51) of Italians in South Latium, 7.4% (2/27) of Italians in Paola, 7.3% (11/150) of Italians in Central-South Italy, 7.1% (8/113) of Serbs in Serbia, 4.7% (2/42) of Aromanians in Romania, 3.7% (3/82) of Italians in Biella, 3.7% (1/27) of Andalusians in Córdoba, 3.3% (2/60) of Leoneses in León, 3.2% (1/31) of Italians in Postua, 3.2% (1/31) of Italians in Cavaglià, 3.1% (3/97) of Calabrians in Reggio Calabria, 2.8% (1/36) of Russians in Ryazan Oblast, 2.8% (2/72) of Italians in South Apulia, 2.7% (1/37) of Calabrians in Cosenza, 2.6% (3/114) of Serbs in Belgrade, 2.5% (1/40) of Russians in Pskov, 2.4% (1/42) of Russians in Kaluga, 2.2% (2/89) of Transylvanians in Miercurea Ciuc, 2.2% (2/92) of Italians in Trino Vercellese, 1.9% (2/104) of Italians in Brescia, 1.9% (2/104) of Romanians in Romania, 1.7% (4/237) of Serbs and Montenegrins in Serbia and Montenegro, 1.7% (1/59) of Italians in Marche, 1.7% (1/59) of Calabrians in Catanzaro, 1.6% (3/183) of Greeks in Northern Greece, 1.3% (2/150) of Swiss Germans in Zürich Area, 1.3% (1/79) of Italians in South Tuscany and North Latium, 1.1% (1/92) of Dutch in Leiden, 0.5% (1/185) of Serbs in Novi Sad (Vojvodina), 0.5% (1/186) of Polish in Podlasie
Middle East & Caucasus PopulationLanguageLocationMembers/Sample sizePercentageSourceNotes Iraqi Jews Judeo-Iraqi Arabic (Central Semitic)Iraq 7/3221.9%12.5% T1a1a1a1a1a1-P77 and 9.4% T1a3-Y11151 Armenian Sasuntzis Western Armenian dialect, Kurmanji and Dimli (Northwestern Iranian) languages Sasun 21/10420.2%T1a1 and T1a2 subclades Kurdish Jews Judeo-Aramaic (Central Semitic)Kurdistan 9/5018%10% T1a1a1a1a1a1-P77 and 8% T1a1-L162 Iranian Jews Judeo-Iranian (Southwestern Iranian)Iran3/2213.6%4.5% T1a1a1a1a1a1-P77 and 9.1% T1a3-Y11151 Mountain JewsJudeo-Tat (Southwestern Iranian)Derbentsky District2/1711.8%Tatiana M Karafet et al., "Coevolution of genes and languages and high levels of population structure among the highland populations of Daghestan," " Journal of Human Genetics " (2016),All belong to T1a1a1a1a1a1-P77 Not specified Not specified Birjand 1/273.7%All T1a3-Y12871 Not specified Not specified Mashhad 2/1291.6%0.8% T1a3-Y11151 (xY8614)
Unconfirmed but probable T-M70+ : 28% (7/25) of Lezginians in Dagestan, 21.7% (5/23) of Ossetians in Zamankul, 14% (7/50) of Iranians in Isfahan, 13% (3/23) of Ossetians in Zil'ga, 12.6% (11/87) of Kurmanji Kurds in Eastern Turkey, 11.8% (2/17) of Palestinian Arabs in Palestine, 8.3% (1/12) of Iranians in Shiraz,R. Spencer Wells et al., "The Eurasian Heartland: A continental perspective on Y-chromosome diversity," The National Academy of Sciences, 2001 8.3% (2/24) of Ossetians in Alagir, 8% (2/25) of Kurmanji Kurds in Georgia, 7.5% (6/80) of Iranians in Tehran, 7.4% (10/135) of Palestinian Arabs in Israeli Village, 7% (10/143) of Palestinian Arabs in Israel and Palestine, 5% (1/19) of Chechens in Chechenia, 4.2% (3/72) of Azerbaijanians in Azerbaijan, 4.1% (2/48) of Iranians in Isfahan, 4% (4/100) of Armenians in Armenia, 4% (1/24) of Bedouins in Israel and 2.6% (1/39) of Turks in Ankara.
North & East Asia Barghut Mongolians from |different localities of Hulun Buir Aimak have T1a (M70) at a level of 1.3% (1/76). In the 12–13th centuries, the Barga (Barghuts) Mongols appeared as tribes near Lake Baikal, named Bargujin.
Unconfirmed but probable T-M70+: 2% (4/204) of Hui in Liaoning province, and 0.9% (1/113) of Bidayuh in Sarawak.
South Asia Haplogroup T1a-M70 in South Asia is considered to be of West Eurasian origin.
In Bangladesh, the Garo people of Tangail District appear to possess T-P77 (T1a1a1b2b2b1a) at a rate of 0.8% (1/120).