Petroni is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Bruno Petroni (1941–2014), Italian footballer Christian Petroni (born 1984), Italian-American celebrity chef Doris Petroni (born 1941), Argentine choreographer, dancer, and teacher Girolamo Petroni (died 1591), Italian Roman Catholic bishop Giulio Petroni (1917–2010), Italian film director, writer and screenwriter Luan Peres Petroni (born 1994), Brazilian footballer Michael Petroni, Australian film director and screenwriter Pier Paolo Petroni (born 1987), Italian modern pentathlete Riccardo Petroni (c. 1250 – 1314), Italian cardinal Victor Petroni (born 1959), Canadian soccer player and manager