Bonnie Bird (April 30, 1914 – April 9, 1995) was an American modern dancer and dance educator.
Bird danced with Martha Graham in the 1930sBell-Kanner, Karen. Frontiers: The Life and Times of Bonnie Bird. Abingdon, Oxfordshire, Harwood Academic Publishers (Taylor & Francis), 1998. 66–68. Print. and went on to a career as a dance educator in the United States and also in the United Kingdom, where she was awarded a Doctor of Arts degree, honoris causa, for her work pioneering degree programs in dance in the 1970s through the '90s at the Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance.Council for National Academic Awards. Bonnie Bird: Citation for the Award of Honorary Doctor. London, unpublished, Bonnie Bird Collection, archives of Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance, 1990. Reference number: D5/2007/35/1b/1. Educated at The Cornish School 1927–30, now Cornish College of the Arts, she is most popularly known for bringing together Merce Cunningham and John Cage upon her return to Cornish as head of dance in 1937.Bocek, Maximilian. "Bonnie Bird & Company". Cornish Magazine. Seattle, Cornish College of the Arts, February 2016. 12-15. Print, web.
Early life Born in 1914 in Portland Oregon, the eldest child of Scott Elliot Bird and the former Josephine Powers, Bird grew up in and around Seattle in Washington State, mostly on a farm in what is now Bothell, Washington.Bell-Kanner, Karen. Frontiers: The Life and Times of Bonnie Bird. Abingdon, Oxfordshire, Harwood Academic Publishers (Taylor & Francis), 1998. 6-7. Print. She attended public school in the city, commuting every day.
Dance education At the age of seven, at a time her family was living in Seattle, Bird was introduced to a neighbor who happened to be a ballet dancer and teacher, Caird Leslie.Bonnie Bird Interview. Transcription. London, unpublished, archive of the Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance, 1981. 2-3. Unpublished She began to take classes from him. Leslie had been dancing in the Ballet Intime in New York, the company of Russian dancer Adolph Bolm, who, as a member of the Ballets Russes, had partnered Anna Pavlova.Riess William and Heidi Gundlach-Smith, editors. Bonnie Bird Gunlach, Dancer and Dance Educator: Oral History Transcript. Scholar Select, 1994. 13. Web and Print. When Pavlova toured through Seattle, Leslie introduced Bird to her. Captivated, Bird decided on a career as a dancer at that early age.Bonnie Bird Interview. Transcription. London, unpublished, archive of the Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance, 1981. 9. Unpublished.
In 1927, when Bird was 13, Leslie became the head of the dance department at The Cornish School, bringing his students with him. Leslie left after only a short time, but many of his students remained. In 1928, Nellie Cornish changed focus of the curriculum of the dance department to modern dance.Bell-Kanner, Karen. Frontiers: The Life and Times of Bonnie Bird. Abingdon, Oxfordshire, Harwood Academic Publishers (Taylor & Francis), 1998. 10. Print. Two years later, Cornish brought in Martha Graham to teach a summer intensive course. Although Bird was too young to go at the time, Graham invited her to join her in New York when she finished high school.Bell-Kanner, Karen. Frontiers: The Life and Times of Bonnie Bird. Abingdon, Oxfordshire, Harwood Academic Publishers (Taylor & Francis), 1998. 19. Print. Graham also secured a scholarship for Bird to study at the Neighborhood Playhouse, which was required of her dancers preparing to join the Graham Group.Bell-Kanner, Karen. Frontiers: The Life and Times of Bonnie Bird. Abingdon, Oxfordshire, Harwood Academic Publishers (Taylor & Francis), 1998. 19. Print. Bird left Seattle for New York in the summer of 1931.Bell-Kanner, Karen. Frontiers: The Life and Times of Bonnie Bird. Abingdon, Oxfordshire, Harwood Academic Publishers (Taylor & Francis), 1998. 23. Print.
Professional dance career Bird formally joined the Graham Group in 1933, and went on to perform in Graham works Celebration, American Provincial, Panorama, and Chronicle,Dunning, Jennifer. Bonnie Bird, Graham Protegee And Noted Dance Teacher, 80. Obituaries, The New York Times, April 13, 1995. Web and print. among others.Bell-Kanner, Karen. Frontiers: The Life and Times of Bonnie Bird. Abingdon, Oxfordshire, Harwood Academic Publishers (Taylor & Francis), 1998. 39. Print. She and another favorite of Graham's, Dorothy Bird—who, though sharing a surname, a home in the Pacific Northwest, and a Cornish School pedigree, was no relation—moved into rooms in Martha Graham's house in New York. Bird continued working as Graham's assistant, especially in putting together costumes for the Group.Bell-Kanner, Karen. Frontiers: The Life and Times of Bonnie Bird. Abingdon, Oxfordshire, Harwood Academic Publishers (Taylor & Francis), 1998. 46. Print. More importantly for her later career, She also began teaching under Graham.Bell-Kanner, Karen. Frontiers: The Life and Times of Bonnie Bird. Abingdon, Oxfordshire, Harwood Academic Publishers (Taylor & Francis), 1998. 41. Print. Bird danced with the Group until 1937.
Academic career At The Cornish School
In the fall of 1937, Bird returned to Cornish as head of the dance department. She found a department that was much diminished;Cornish, Nellie C. Letter to John Cage, August 25, 1938. Special Collections Div. University of Washington Libraries, Accession 2654-8, box/folder 2/21.Bell-Kanner, Karen. Frontiers: The Life and Times of Bonnie Bird. Abingdon, Oxfordshire, Harwood Academic Publishers (Taylor & Francis), 1998. 99. Print. Nellie Cornish had been distracted by problems with money and her board of directors.Cornish, Nellie C. Miss Aunt Nellie: The Autobiography of Nellie C. Cornish, Ellen Van Volkenburg Browne and Edward Nordhoff Beck, eds. Seattle, University of Washington, 1964; 252ff. Among the five dance majors, Bird found some good dancers, including Dorothy Herrmann and especially Syvilla Fort, who would go on to dance with Katherine Dunham and become an influential teacher in New York. As it turned out, theater majors were required to take dance, and she was able to recruit from their ranks. Chief among these actor/dancers was Merce Cunningham.Bell-Kanner, Karen. Frontiers: The Life and Times of Bonnie Bird. Abingdon, Oxfordshire, Harwood Academic Publishers (Taylor & Francis), 1998. 99-100. Print. Bird gave her department a collaborative, company-orientation that included programs at Cornish and in the community, particularly in support of social issues.Bocek, Maximilian. "Bonnie Bird & Company". Cornish Magazine. Seattle, Cornish College of the Arts, February 2016. 14-15. Print, web. She encouraged her students to choreograph.Bell-Kanner, Karen. Frontiers: The Life and Times of Bonnie Bird. Abingdon, Oxfordshire, Harwood Academic Publishers (Taylor & Francis), 1998. 103. Print. In 1938, Bird was in need of a new accompanist and composer. In California, she was introduced to John Cage, the two found they shared an experimentalist bent, and he was hired. Cage, who also joined the faculty teaching composition, thrived in the company-oriented department, and the group produced a number of memorable works, such as Imaginary Landscape and 3 Inventories of Casey Jones. Cage made use of the creative energies of the department and its students to found a percussion orchestra and compose his first work for prepared piano.Bell-Kanner, Karen. Frontiers: The Life and Times of Bonnie Bird. Abingdon, Oxfordshire, Harwood Academic Publishers (Taylor & Francis), 1998. 108-13. Print. The situation at Cornish had become toxic, however, and led to the resignation of the school's founder, Nellie Cornish. In the aftermath of this, Bird was eased out of her leadership role.Scruby, Mr.s Wilbur W. letter to Bonnie Bird, March 27, 1940. UW Accession 2654-8, box 5 folder 22. She left Cornish in the spring of 1940.
Bird had married Dr. Ralph Gundlach during her time at Cornish, a professor of psychology at the University of Washington. Gundlach had been a notable leftist before the war, and after, he found himself a target of the Canwell Commission, a local manifestation in Seattle of the Communist-purging House Un-American Activities Committee. Although Gundlach was not a Communist, he was one of three professors at University of Washington to be stripped of tenure and dismissed. The couple moved across the country where it was more likely they could find work.
In New York
In New York, she opened her Dance Drama School, which, though an artistic success, was not a financial one.Bell-Kanner, Karen. Frontiers: The Life and Times of Bonnie Bird. Abingdon, Oxfordshire, Harwood Academic Publishers (Taylor & Francis), 1998. 141-2. Print. Moving to the Young Men's and Young Women's Hebrew Association, Bird worked developing a dance program for young people with Doris Humphrey.Bell-Kanner, Karen. Frontiers: The Life and Times of Bonnie Bird. Abingdon, Oxfordshire, Harwood Academic Publishers (Taylor & Francis), 1998. 142-4. Print. At the YM-YWHA, she founded the children's company The Merry-Go-Rounders, which went on to great success and enticed a who's-who of the New York dance community to produce works for it. She was with the program until 1966.Bell-Kanner, Karen. Frontiers: The Life and Times of Bonnie Bird. Abingdon, Oxfordshire, Harwood Academic Publishers (Taylor & Francis), 1998. 149. Print. During her years in New York, Bird became involved in the running of the Dance Notation BureauRiess William and Heidi Gundlach-Smith, editors. Bonnie Bird Gunlach, Dancer and Dance Educator: Oral History Transcript. Scholar Select, 1994. 142. Web and Print. and co-founded the American Dance Guild and the Congress on Research in Dance (CORD).
In England at the Laban Centre