List of Soyuz missions

This is a list of crewed and uncrewed flights of Soyuz series spacecraft.

The Soyuz programme is an ongoing human spaceflight programme which was initiated by the Soviet Union in the early 1960s, originally part of a Moon landing project intended to put a Soviet cosmonaut on the Moon. It is the third Soviet human spaceflight programme after the Vostok and Voskhod programmes. Since the 1990s, as the successor state to the Soviet Union, Russia has continued and expanded the programme, which became part of a multinational collaboration to ensure a permanent human presence in low Earth orbit on the ISS (ISS). Soyuz spacecraft previously visited the Salyut and Mir space stations. Between the retirement of the Space Shuttle in 2011 and the first orbital flight of SpaceX's Crew Dragon in 2019, Soyuz were the only human-rated orbital spacecraft in operation, and the only way to transport crews to the ISS. Russia plans to succeed Soyuz in the 2020s with the Federatsiya/Orel programme, using new reusable capsules launching on Angara rockets, to transport cosmonauts to orbit.

Crewed mission numbers and spacecraft generations Beginning in 1966, the Soyuz programme has sent humans into space on a regular basis for over fifty years. Due to its length, the program has a complex history, which may lead to confusion about its mission numbers. The mission numbering scheme for crewed Soyuz flights is closely related to the generations of spacecraft. Understanding the former is made significantly easier by understanding the latter.

The first era of the Soyuz programme's crewed missions (Soyuz 1-40) used the 7K series of Soyuz craft, which included the first-generation (1.0) Soyuz 7K-OK, a variant (1.5) Soyuz 7K-OKS, the second-generation (2.0) Soyuz 7K-T, and the (2.5) Soyuz 7K-TM variant. Following this first era, successive eras of crewed missions have had mission numbers which were directly tied to the names of craft used:

The second era of Soyuz T flights used the third-generation (3.0) craft of the same name. Mission numbers were of the form: "Soyuz T-#". The third era of Soyuz TM flights used the fourth-generation (4.0) craft of the same name. Mission numbers were of the form: "Soyuz TM-#". The fourth era of Soyuz TMA flights used the fifth-generation (5.0) craft of the same name. Mission numbers were of the form: "Soyuz TMA-#". The fifth era of Soyuz TMA-M flights used the fifth-generation variant (5.5) craft of the same name. Mission numbers were of the form "Soyuz TMA-##M". The sixth and current era of Soyuz MS flights uses the sixth-generation (6.0) craft of the same name. Mission numbers are of the form: "Soyuz MS-##".

Within each given era, a mission number generally reflects the mission's chronological launch order, e.g. Soyuz TMA-12M was the twelfth mission of the TMA-M era, immediately preceded by Soyuz TMA-11M and immediately followed by Soyuz TMA-13M. Although there are exceptions to this (detailed below in the first table), the mission numbering scheme is usually consistent with chronological launch orders. This is in contrast with the mission numbers of the Space Shuttle program, which were tied to specific mission objectives and did not reflect chronological launch orders, e.g. STS-50, the forty-eighth Shuttle mission, was immediately followed by STS-46, the forty-ninth Shuttle mission.

Era Missionnumbers Spacecraft Spacecraftgeneration "Naive"mission count Adding Subtracting Crewedmissions Totalcrewed missions 1 Soyuz 1 ... 40 Soyuz 7K-OK 1.0 40 18a (+1) 2, 20 (−2) 1, 3–9 39 Soyuz 7K-OKS 1.5 10, 11 Soyuz 7K-T 2.0 12–15, 17, 18a, 18, 21, 23–40 Soyuz 7K-TM 2.5 16, 19, 22 2 Soyuz T-1 ... T-15 Soyuz T 3.0 15 T-10a (+1) T-1 (−1) 2–9, 10a, 10–15 15 3 Soyuz TM-1 ... TM-34 Soyuz TM 4.0 34 — TM-1 (−1) 2-34 33 4 Soyuz TMA-1 ... TMA-22 Soyuz TMA 5.0 22 — — 1–22 22 5 Soyuz TMA-01M ... TMA-20M Soyuz TMA-M 5.5 20 — — 1–20 20 6 Soyuz MS-01 ... MS-25 Soyuz MS 6.0 25 — MS-14 (−1) 1–13, 15–25 24 Total crewed missions 153

Soyuz 7K (1966–1981) The first Soyuz series was the 7K series.

No.MissionSpacecraftDate of launchDate of landingCrew ()DockingOutcome—Kosmos 133Soyuz 7K-OK (A)11F615 #2The spacecraft is the active one for docking, and have the active "probe" docking mechanism.28 November 196630 November 1966NoneAutomated flight.Soyuz 7K-OK No.1 — Cancelled due to the postponement of the launch of the 2nd ship—Soyuz 7K-OK No.1Soyuz 7K-OK (P)11F615 #1The spacecraft is the passive one for docking, and have the passive "drogue" docking mechanism.14 December 1966NANone (rocket exploded on launch pad)Kosmos 133 — Cancelled—Kosmos 140Soyuz 7K-OK (P)11F615 #37 February 196711 February 1967None 1Soyuz 1Soyuz 7K-OK (A)11F615 #423 April 196724 April 1967 Vladimir Komarov (killed during landing due to main parachute failure)Soyuz 2A — Docking (and launch of the 2nd ship) has been cancelled due to the failure of Soyuz 1—Kosmos 186Soyuz 7K-OK (A)11F615 #627 October 196731 October 1967NoneKosmos 188—Kosmos 188Soyuz 7K-OK (P)11F615 #530 October 19672 November 1967NoneKosmos 186—Kosmos 212Soyuz 7K-OK (A)11F615 #814 April 196819 April 1968NoneKosmos 213—Kosmos 213Soyuz 7K-OK (P)11F615 #715 April 196820 April 1968NoneKosmos 212—Kosmos 238Soyuz 7K-OK11F615 #928 August 19681 September 1968None —Soyuz 2Soyuz 7K-OK (P)11F615 #1125 October 196828 October 1968NoneSoyuz 3 — Docking failed due to errors in spacecraft orientation2Soyuz 3 Soyuz 7K-OK (A)11F615 #1026 October 196830 October 1968 Georgy BeregovoySoyuz 2 — Docking failed due to errors in spacecraft orientation3Soyuz 4Soyuz 7K-OK (A)11F615 #1214 January 196917 January 1969 Vladimir ShatalovSoyuz 5rowspan="2" Vladimir Shatalov Aleksei Yeliseyev Yevgeny Khrunov4Soyuz 5Soyuz 7K-OK (P)11F615 #1315 January 196918 January 1969 Boris Volynov Aleksei Yeliseyev Yevgeny KhrunovSoyuz 4rowspan="2" Boris Volynov5Soyuz 6Soyuz 7K-OK11F615 #1411 October 196916 October 1969 Georgi Shonin Valeri KubasovThe crew should have taken pictures of the docking between Soyuz 7 and Soyuz 8, but it wasn't possible6Soyuz 7Soyuz 7K-OK (A)11F615 #1512 October 196917 October 1969 Anatoly Filipchenko Vladislav Volkov Viktor GorbatkoSoyuz 8 — Failed due to the failure of rendezvous electronics7Soyuz 8Soyuz 7K-OK (P)11F615 #1613 October 196918 October 1969 Vladimir Shatalov Aleksei YeliseyevSoyuz 7 — Failed due to the failure of rendezvous electronics8Soyuz 9Soyuz 7K-OK11F615 #171 June 197019 June 1970 Andrian Nikolayev Vitaly Sevastyanov 9Soyuz 10Soyuz 7K-OKS11F615A8 #3123 April 197125 April 1971 Vladimir Shatalov Aleksei Yeliseyev Nikolai RukavishnikovSalyut 1 — Docking failed due to a docking system failure10Soyuz 11Soyuz 7K-OKS11F615A8 #326 June 197130 June 1971 Georgy Dobrovolsky Vladislav Volkov Viktor Patsayev(Crew died during reentry due to depressurization of landing module)Salyut 1—Kosmos 496Soyuz 7K-T11F615A8 #33A26 June 19722 July 1972None —Kosmos 573Soyuz 7K-T11F615A8 #3615 June 197317 June 1973None 11Soyuz 12Soyuz 7K-T11F615A8 #3727 September 197329 September 1973 Vasili Lazarev Oleg Makarov —Kosmos 613Soyuz 7K-T11F615A8 #34A30 November 197329 January 1974None 12Soyuz 13 Soyuz 7K-T11F615A8 #3318 December 197326 December 1973 Pyotr Klimuk Valentin Lebedev —Kosmos 638Soyuz 7K-TM11F615A12 #713 April 197413 April 1974None —Kosmos 656Soyuz 7K-T/A911F615A9 #6127 May 197429 May 1974None 13Soyuz 14 Soyuz 7K-T/A911F615A9 #623 July 197419 July 1974 Pavel Popovich Yuri ArtyukhinSalyut 3—Kosmos 672Soyuz 7K-TM11F615A12 #7212 August 197418 August 1974None 14Soyuz 15Soyuz 7K-T/A911F615A9 #6326 August 197428 August 1974 Gennadi Sarafanov Lev DyominSalyut 3 — Docking failed due to malfunctioning of Igla docking system15Soyuz 16Soyuz 7K-TM11F615A12 #732 December 19748 December 1974 Anatoly Filipchenko Nikolai Rukavishnikov 16Soyuz 17 Soyuz 7K-T11F615A8 #3811 January 19759 February 1975 Aleksei Gubarev Georgi GrechkoSalyut 417Soyuz 18A Soyuz 7K-T11F615A8 #395 April 19755 April 1975 Vasili Lazarev Oleg Makarov(Aborted launch at T+295 seconds; crew survived but experienced 21 G's during descent)18Soyuz 18Soyuz 7K-T11F615A8 #4024 May 197526 July 1975 Pyotr Klimuk Vitali SevastyanovSalyut 419Soyuz 19Soyuz 7K-TM11F615A12 #7515 July 197521 July 1975 Alexei Leonov Valeri KubasovApollo—Soyuz 20Soyuz 7K-T/A911F615A9 #6417 November 197516 February 1976NoneSalyut 420Soyuz 21Soyuz 7K-T11F615A8 #416 July 197624 August 1976 Boris Volynov Vitaly ZholobovSalyut 521Soyuz 22Soyuz 7K-TM11F615A12 #7415 September 197623 September 1976 Valery Bykovsky Vladimir Aksyonov22Soyuz 23Soyuz 7K-T/A911F615A9 #6514 October 197616 October 1976 Vyacheslav Zudov Valery RozhdestvenskySalyut 5 — Docking failed due to a docking system failure23Soyuz 24Soyuz 7K-T/A911F615A9 #667 February 197725 February 1977 Viktor Gorbatko Yuri GlazkovSalyut 524Soyuz 25Soyuz 7K-T11F615A8 #429 October 197711 October 1977 Vladimir Kovalyonok Valery RyuminSalyut 6 — Docking failed due to a docking system failure25Soyuz 26Soyuz 7K-T11F615A8 #4310 December 197716 January 1978 Yuri Romanenko Vladimir DzhanibekovSalyut 6rowspan="2" Georgi Grechko Oleg Makarov26Soyuz 27Soyuz 7K-T11F615A8 #4410 January 197816 March 1978 Georgi Grechko Oleg MakarovSalyut 6rowspan="2" Yuri Romanenko Vladimir Dzhanibekov27Soyuz 28Soyuz 7K-T11F615A8 #452 March 197810 March 1978 Aleksei Gubarev Vladimír Remek(The first international crew)Salyut 628Soyuz 29Soyuz 7K-T11F615A8 #4615 June 19783 September 1978 Vladimir Kovalyonok Aleksandr IvanchenkovSalyut 6rowspan="2" Valery Bykovsky Sigmund Jähn29Soyuz 30Soyuz 7K-T/A911F615A9 #6727 June 19785 July 1978 Pyotr Klimuk Mirosław HermaszewskiSalyut 630Soyuz 31Soyuz 7K-T11F615A8 #4726 August 19782 November 1978 Valery Bykovsky Sigmund JähnSalyut 6rowspan="2" Vladimir Kovalyonok Aleksandr Ivanchenkov31Soyuz 32Soyuz 7K-T11F615A8 #4825 February 197913 June 1979 Vladimir Lyakhov Valery RyuminSalyut 6rowspan="2" Landing without crew32Soyuz 33Soyuz 7K-T11F615A8 #4910 April 197912 April 1979 Nikolai Rukavishnikov Georgi IvanovSalyut 6 — Docking failed due to main engine and Igla docking system failure; deorbit burn was made using the backup engine33Soyuz 34Soyuz 7K-T11F615A8 #506 June 197919 August 1979Start without crewSalyut 6rowspan="2" Vladimir Lyakhov Valery Ryumin34Soyuz 35Soyuz 7K-T11F615A8 #519 April 19803 June 1980 Leonid Popov Valery RyuminSalyut 6rowspan="2" Valery Kubasov Bertalan Farkas35Soyuz 36Soyuz 7K-T11F615A8 #5226 May 198031 July 1980 Valery Kubasov Bertalan FarkasSalyut 6rowspan="2" Viktor Gorbatko Pham Tuân37Soyuz 37Soyuz 7K-T11F615A8 #5323 July 198011 October 1980 Viktor Gorbatko Pham TuânSalyut 6rowspan="2" Leonid Popov Valery Ryumin38Soyuz 38Soyuz 7K-T11F615A8 #5418 September 198026 September 1980 Yuri Romanenko Arnaldo Tamayo MéndezSalyut 641Soyuz 39Soyuz 7K-T11F615A8 #5522 March 198130 March 1981 Vladimir Dzhanibekov Jügderdemidiin GürragchaaSalyut 642Soyuz 40Soyuz 7K-T11F615A8 #5614 May 198122 May 1981 Leonid Popov Dumitru PrunariuSalyut 6

Soyuz 7K-L1

Spacecraft designed for Soviet human circumlunar missions. Missions are included under the Zond programme.