Ṭa is a consonant of Indic abugidas. It is derived from the early "Ashoka" Brahmi letter after having gone through the Gupta letter . As with the other retroflex consonants, ṭa is absent from most scripts not used for a language of India.
Āryabhaṭa numeration
Aryabhata used Devanagari letters for numbers, very similar to the Greek numerals, even after the invention of Indian numerals. The values of the different forms of ट are: ट = 11 (११) टि = 1,100 (१ १००) टु = 110,000 (१ १० ०००) टृ = 11,000,000 (१ १० ०० ०००) टॢ = 1,100,000,000 (१ १० ०० ०० ०००) टे = 11 (११×१०१०) टै = 11 (११×१०१२) टो = 11 (११×१०१४) टौ = 11 (११×१०१६)
Historic Tta There are three different general early historic scripts - Brahmi and its variants, Kharoṣṭhī, and Tocharian, the so-called slanting Brahmi. Tta as found in standard Brahmi, was a simple geometric shape, with variations toward more flowing forms by the Gupta . The Tocharian Tta did not have an alternate Fremdzeichen form. The third form of tta, in Kharoshthi () was probably derived from Aramaic separately from the Brahmi letter.
Brahmi Tta The Brahmi letter , Tta, is probably derived from the altered Aramaic Teth , and is thus related to the modern Greek Theta. Several identifiable styles of writing the Brahmi Tta can be found, most associated with a specific set of inscriptions from an artifact or diverse records from an historic period.Evolutionary chart, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal Vol 7, 1838 As the earliest and most geometric style of Brahmi, the letters found on the Edicts of Ashoka and other records from around that time are normally the reference form for Brahmi letters, with vowel marks not attested until later forms of Brahmi back-formed to match the geometric writing style. +Brahmi Tta historic formsAshoka(3rd-1st c. BCE) Girnar(~150 BCE) Kushana(~150-250 CE) Gujarat(~250 CE) Gupta(~350 CE)
Tocharian Tta The Tocharian letter is derived from the Brahmi , but does not have an alternate Fremdzeichen form. +Tocharian Tta with vowel marks Tta Ttā Tti Ttī Ttu Ttū Ttr Ttr̄ Tte Ttai Tto Ttau Ttä
Kharoṣṭhī Tta The Kharoṣṭhī letter is generally accepted as being derived from the altered Aramaic Teth , and is thus related to Theta, in addition to the Brahmi Tta.
Devanagari script
Ṭa (ट) is the eleventh consonant of the Devanagari abugida. It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter , after having gone through the Gupta letter . Letters that derive from it are the Gujarati letter ટ, and the Modi letter 𑘘.
Devanagari-using Languages In many languages, ट is pronounced as or when appropriate. In Marathi, ट is sometimes pronounced as or in addition to or . Like all Indic scripts, Devanagari uses vowel marks attached to the base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel: + Devanagari ट with vowel marks Ṭa Ṭā Ṭi Ṭī Ṭu Ṭū Ṭr Ṭr̄ Ṭl Ṭl̄ Ṭe Ṭai Ṭo Ṭau Ṭटटाटिटीटुटूटृटॄटॢटॣटेटैटोटौट्
Conjuncts with ट Devanagari exhibits conjunct ligatures, as is common in Indic scripts. In modern Devanagari texts, most conjuncts are formed by reducing the letter shape to fit tightly to the following letter, usually by dropping a character's vertical stem, sometimes referred to as a "half form". Some conjunct clusters are always represented by a true ligature, instead of a shape that can be broken into constituent independent letters. Vertically stacked conjuncts are ubiquitous in older texts, while only a few are still used routinely in modern Devanagari texts. Lacking a vertical stem to drop for making a half form, Ṭa either forms a stacked conjunct/ligature, or uses its full form with Virama. The use of ligatures and vertical conjuncts may vary across languages using the Devanagari script, with Marathi in particular avoiding their use where other languages would use them.
Ligature conjuncts of ट True ligatures are quite rare in Indic scripts. The most common ligated conjuncts in Devanagari are in the form of a slight mutation to fit in context or as a consistent variant form appended to the adjacent characters. Those variants include Na and the Repha and Rakar forms of Ra. Nepali and Marathi texts use the "eyelash" Ra half form for an initial "R" instead of repha. Repha र্ (r) + ट (ṭa) gives the ligature rṭa:
Eyelash र্ (r) + ट (ṭa) gives the ligature rṭa:
ट্ (ṭ) + rakar र (ra) gives the ligature ṭra:
प্ (p) + ट (ṭa) gives the ligature pṭa:
ष্ (ṣ) + ट (ṭa) gives the ligature ṣṭa:
Repha र্ (r) + ष্ (ṣ) + ट্ (ṭ) + rakar र (ra) gives the ligature rṣṭra:
ष্ (ṣ) + ट্ (ṭ) + व (va) gives the ligature ṣṭva:
Stacked conjuncts of ट Vertically stacked ligatures are the most common conjunct forms found in Devanagari text. Although the constituent characters may need to be stretched and moved slightly in order to stack neatly, stacked conjuncts can be broken down into recognizable base letters, or a letter and an otherwise standard ligature. छ্ (ch) + ट (ṭa) gives the ligature chṭa:
ढ্ (ḍʱ) + ट (ṭa) gives the ligature ḍʱṭa:
ड্ (ḍ) + ट (ṭa) gives the ligature ḍṭa:
द্ (d) + ट (ṭa) gives the ligature dṭa:
ङ্ (ŋ) + ट (ṭa) gives the ligature ŋṭa:
ट্ (ṭ) + ब (ba) gives the ligature ṭba:
ट্ (ṭ) + भ (bha) gives the ligature ṭbha:
ट্ (ṭ) + च (ca) gives the ligature ṭca:
ट্ (ṭ) + छ (cha) gives the ligature ṭcha:
ट্ (ṭ) + द (da) gives the ligature ṭda:
ट্ (ṭ) + ड (ḍa) gives the ligature ṭḍa:
ट্ (ṭ) + ढ (ḍʱa) gives the ligature ṭḍʱa:
ट্ (ṭ) + ध (dʱa) gives the ligature ṭdʱa:
ट্ (ṭ) + ग (ga) gives the ligature ṭga:
ट্ (ṭ) + घ (ɡʱa) gives the ligature ṭɡʱa:
ट্ (ṭ) + ह (ha) gives the ligature ṭha:
ठ্ (ṭh) + ट (ṭa) gives the ligature ṭhṭa:
ट্ (ṭ) + ज (ja) gives the ligature ṭja:
ट্ (ṭ) + झ (jha) gives the ligature ṭjha:
ट্ (ṭ) + ज্ (j) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature ṭjña:
ट্ (ṭ) + क (ka) gives the ligature ṭka:
ट্ (ṭ) + ख (kha) gives the ligature ṭkha:
ट্ (ṭ) + क্ (k) + ष (ṣa) gives the ligature ṭkṣa:
ट্ (ṭ) + ल (la) gives the ligature ṭla:
ट্ (ṭ) + ळ (ḷa) gives the ligature ṭḷa:
ट্ (ṭ) + म (ma) gives the ligature ṭma:
ट্ (ṭ) + न (na) gives the ligature ṭna:
ट্ (ṭ) + ङ (ŋa) gives the ligature ṭŋa:
ट্ (ṭ) + ण (ṇa) gives the ligature ṭṇa:
ट্ (ṭ) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature ṭña:
ट্ (ṭ) + प (pa) gives the ligature ṭpa:
ट্ (ṭ) + फ (pha) gives the ligature ṭpha:
ट্ (ṭ) + स (sa) gives the ligature ṭsa:
ट্ (ṭ) + श (ʃa) gives the ligature ṭʃa:
ट্ (ṭ) + ष (ṣa) gives the ligature ṭṣa:
ट্ (ṭ) + त (ta) gives the ligature ṭta:
ट্ (ṭ) + थ (tha) gives the ligature ṭtha:
ट্ (ṭ) + ट (ṭa) gives the ligature ṭṭa:
ट্ (ṭ) + ठ (ṭha) gives the ligature ṭṭha:
ट্ (ṭ) + व (va) gives the ligature ṭva:
ट্ (ṭ) + य (ya) gives the ligature ṭya:
Bengali script The Bengali script ট is derived from the Siddhaṃ , and is marked by a similar horizontal head line, but less geometric shape, than its Devanagari counterpart, ट. The inherent vowel of Bengali consonant letters is /ɔ/, so the bare letter ট will sometimes be transliterated as "tto" instead of "tta". Adding okar, the "o" vowel mark, gives a reading of /t̳o/. Like all Indic consonants, ট can be modified by marks to indicate another (or no) vowel than its inherent "a". + Bengali ট with vowel marks tta ttā tti ttī ttu ttū ttr ttr̄ tte ttai tto ttau ttটটাটিটীটুটূটৃটৄটেটৈটোটৌট্
ট in Bengali-using languages ট is used as a basic consonant character in all of the major Bengali script orthographies, including Bengali and Assamese.
Conjuncts with ট Bengali ট exhibits conjunct ligatures, as is common in Indic scripts, and commonly shows both stacked and linear (horizontal) ligatures. ক্ (k) + ট (ṭa) gives the ligature kṭa:
ক্ (k) + ট্ (ṭ) + র (ra) gives the ligature kṭra, with the ra phala suffix:
ল্ (l) + ট (ṭa) gives the ligature lṭa:
ণ্ (ṇ) + ট (ṭa) gives the ligature ṇṭa:
ন্ (n) + ট (ṭa) gives the ligature nṭa:
ন্ (n) + ট্ (ṭ) + র (ra) gives the ligature nṭra, with the ra phala suffix:
প্ (p) + ট (ṭa) gives the ligature pṭa:
র্ (r) + ট (ṭa) gives the ligature rṭa, with the repha prefix:
ষ্ (ṣ) + ট (ṭa) gives the ligature ṣṭa:
ষ্ (ṣ) + ট্ (ṭ) + র (ra) gives the ligature ṣṭra, with the ra phala suffix:
ষ্ (ṣ) + ট্ (ṭ) + য (ya) gives the ligature ṣṭya, with the ya phala suffix:
স্ (s) + ট (ṭa) gives the ligature sṭa:
স্ (s) + ট্ (ṭ) + র (ra) gives the ligature sṭra, with the ra phala suffix:
ট্ (ṭ) + ম (ma) gives the ligature ṭma:
ট্ (ṭ) + র (ra) gives the ligature ṭra, with the ra phala suffix:
ট্ (ṭ) + ট (ṭa) gives the ligature ṭṭa:
ট্ (ṭ) + ব (va) gives the ligature ṭva, with the va phala suffix:
ট্ (ṭ) + য (ya) gives the ligature ṭya, with the ya phala suffix:
Gujarati Ṭa
Ṭa (ટ) is the eleventh consonant of the Gujarati abugida. It is derived from the Devanagari Ṭa ट with the top bar (shiro rekha) removed, and ultimately the Brahmi letter .
Gujarati-using Languages The Gujarati script is used to write the Gujarati and Kutchi languages. In both languages, ટ is pronounced as or when appropriate. Like all Indic scripts, Gujarati uses vowel marks attached to the base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel: Ṭa Ṭā Ṭi Ṭī Ṭu Ṭū Ṭr Ṭl Ṭr̄ Ṭl̄ Ṭĕ Ṭe Ṭai Ṭŏ Ṭo Ṭau ṬGujarati Ṭa syllables, with vowel marks in red.
Conjuncts with ટ Gujarati ટ exhibits conjunct ligatures, much like its parent Devanagari Script. While most Gujarati conjuncts can only be formed by reducing the letter shape to create a "half form" that fits tightly to following letter, Ṭa does not have a half form. A few conjunct clusters can be represented by a true ligature, instead of a shape that can be broken into constituent independent letters, and vertically stacked conjuncts can also be found in Gujarati, although much less commonly than in Devanagari. Lacking a half form, Ṭa will normally use an explicit virama when forming conjuncts without a true ligature. True ligatures are quite rare in Indic scripts. The most common ligated conjuncts in Gujarati are in the form of a slight mutation to fit in context or as a consistent variant form appended to the adjacent characters. Those variants include Na and the Repha and Rakar forms of Ra. ર્ (r) + ટ (ʈa) gives the ligature RṬa:
ટ્ (ʈ) + ર (ra) gives the ligature ṬRa:
ટ્ (ʈ) + ટ (ʈa) gives the ligature ṬṬa:
ટ્ (ʈ) + ઠ (ʈha) gives the ligature ṬṬha:
ટ્ (ʈ) + વ (va) gives the ligature ṬVa:
Burmese script Ta T'lin Cheik (ဋ) is the eleventh letter of the Burmese script.
Thai script Do Chada (ฎ) and To Patak (ฏ) are the fourteenth and fifteenth letters of the Thai script. As with ta and pa, the Indic letter has been split into two letters to distinguish the originally preglottalised (and now voiced) sound from the voiceless sound.
Do chada Do chada falls under the middle class of Thai consonants. In IPA, do chada is pronounced as [d] at the beginning of a syllable and as [t̚] at the end of a syllable. The 20th letter of the alphabet, do dek (ด), is also named do and falls under the middle class of Thai consonants. Thai consonants do not form conjunct ligatures, and may use the pinthu—an explicit virama with a dot shape—to indicate bare consonants. In the acrophony of the Thai script, chada (ชฎา) means 'headdress'. Do chada and to patak both correspond to the Devanagari character 'ट'.
To patak To patak falls under the middle class of Thai consonants. In IPA, to patak is pronounced as [t] at the beginning of a syllable and may not be used to close a syllable. The 21st letter of the alphabet, to tao (ต), is also named to and falls under the middle class of Thai consonants. Thai consonants do not form conjunct ligatures, and may use the pinthu—an explicit virama with a dot shape—to indicate bare consonants. In the acrophony of the Thai script, patak (ปฏัก) means '(cattle) goad'. Do chada and to patak both correspond to the Devanagari character 'ट'.
Javanese script
Telugu Ṭa