During 40 years of post-Francoist Spain there have been some 200 works published on Carlist history during the Franco regime (1939 to 1975; the Civil War period is not discussed here); there are some 100 authors who have contributed. The number of major studies – books or unpublished PhD works - stands at around 50, the rest are articles in specialized reviews (pieces in popular newspapers or periodicals are not acknowledged here). Except some 15 titles, almost all have been published in Spain. The interest was scarce in the late 1970s and early 1980s, it grew in the late 1980s and since the early 1990s it remains stable, with some 30 titles published every 5 years.late 1970s: 10 titles, early 1980s: 2, late 1980s: 13, early 1990s: 33, late 1990s: 34, early 2000s: 37, late 2000s: 25, early 2010s: 37

Overviews and synthetic works

A student unfamiliar with the subject should probably start with a large chapter dedicated to post-Civil War Carlism in general historical synthesis by Canal (2000):Jordi Canal, Hacia la marginación del carlismo: 1939-1999, [in:] Jordi Canal, El carlismo, Madrid 2000, , pp. 342-401 comprehensive and non-partisan, it provides a good overview. Another option is a concise 20-page review of Caspistegui Gorasurreta and Vázquez de Prada (1995).Mercedes Vázquez de Prada, Francisco Javier Caspistegui Gorasurreta, Del Dios, Patria, Rey al socialismo autogestionario. Fragmentación ideológica y ocaso del carlismo entre el franquismo y la transición, [in:] J. Tusell Gómez, A. Soto Carmona (eds.), Historia de la transición y consolidación democrática en España: (1975-1986), Madrid 1995, ISBN 843623314X, pp. 309-329 Definitely less valuable is a booklet of Dongil (2011),Miguel Dongil y Sánchez, Historia reciente del carlismo: 1939-2010, Soría 2011, dedicated almost exclusively to the period in question and equally general, but flawed by a loose essayist style. Alternatively, there is an article intended to provide a helicopter-view summary, but overfocused on internal fragmentation of the movement, written by Brioso (1996),Julio V. Brioso y Mayral, El carlismo en la postguerra y en la transición, [in:] Stanley G. Payne (ed.), Identidad y nacionalismo en la España contemporánea, el Carlismo, 1833-1975, Madrid 1996, , pp. 155-171 a sketchy overview in a section of the book of Alférez (1995)Gabriel Alférez, La travesía del desierto, [in:] Gabriel Alférez, Historia del Carlismo, Madrid 1995, and final chapter of Blinkhorn's (1975)Martin Blinkhorn, Epilogue. Carlism in the Spain of Franco, [in:] Martin Blinkhorn, Carlism and Crisis in Spain, Cambridge 1975 [re-printed with no re-edition in 2008], , pp. 296-307 study, written during commencing transition and burdened with illusions of the author. There are 3 works to be followed as exhaustive, general in-depth attempts to capture the Carlist history during Francoism, all resulting from PhD research. The works of Caspistegui (1997)Francisco Javier Caspistegui Gorasurreta, El naufragio de las ortodoxias. El carlismo, 1962–1977, Pamplona 1997; , based on PhD thesis El carlismo: transformación y permanencia del franquismo a la democracia (1962-1977), [PhD thesis Universidad de Navarra] 1996 and Martorell (2009)Manuel Martorell Pérez, La continuidad ideológica del carlismo tras la Guerra Civil [PhD thesis in Historia Contemporanea, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia], Valencia 2009; it was later re-edited as two books focusing on attitude towards Francoism and the dynastic claim of the Borbón-Parmas, see Retorno a la lealtad; el desafío carlista al franquismo, Madrid 2010, , and Carlos Hugo frente a Juan Carlos. La solución federal para España que Franco rechazó, Madrid 2014, . A prologue to the latter, written by Juan-Cruz Alli Aranguren (Prologo, pp. 11-31), constitutes an ambitious stand-alone analysis of Carlism during the Francoist era are splendidly documented, though the former focuses on the 1960s and 1970s rather than the 1940s and 1950s, while the latter pursues a partisan, Progressist claim. Exactly the opposite, Traditionalist claim is pursued in the thesis of Rodón (2015),Ramón María Rodón Guinjoan, Invierno, primavera y otoño del carlismo (1939-1976) [PhD thesis Universitat Abat Oliba CEU], Barcelona 2015 the work founded on scarce own research. Final pages of Sagarra and Andrés (2014)Pablo Sagarra Renedo, Juan Ramón de Andrés Martín, Atlas ilustrado del Carlismo, Madrid 2014, ISBN, 9788467727173, esp. chapter VII, Del franquismo a la actualidad, pp. 217-248 provide an illustrated and geography-focused overview. Works recommended only to students familiar with the subject and armed with appropriate criticism are writings on late Carlism by Clemente (1977Josep Carles Clemente, Historia del Carlismo contemporaneo 1935–1972, Barcelona 1977, ISBN, 9788425307591 and 2003Josep Carles Clemente, El carlismo contra Franco, Barcelona 2003, ), chapters in the general overview of Pérez-Nievas (1999)Fermín Pérez-Nievas Borderas, El Carlismo durante la dictadura Franquista, [in:] Fermín Pérez-Nievas Borderas, Contra viento y marea. Historia de la evolución ideológica del carlismo a través de dos siglos de lucha, Pamplona 1999, , pp. 143-202 and last essays in the volume of Miralles Climent (2004).Josep Miralles Climent, El Carlismo frente al estado español: rebelión, cultura y lucha política, Madrid 2004, A general synthesis on right-wing politics during Francoism by Gil Pecharromán (2019) contains many paragraphs on Carlism.Julio Gil Pecharromán, La estirpe del camaleón: Una historia política de la derecha en España (1937-2004), Madrid 2019, The very recent work of an experienced Navarrese statesman Allí Aranguren (2021) is specifically calibrated as discussion on relations between Carlism and Francoism, with focus on the 1939-1955 period.Juan-Cruz Allí Aranguren, El carlismo de Franco. De Rodezno a Carlos VIII [PhD thesis UNED], s.l. 2021

Regional studies