The year 1580 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.
Astronomy The Constantinople Observatory of Taqi ad-Din is destroyed by Sultan Selim II.
Exploration September 26 – Francis Drake in the Golden Hind sails into Plymouth having completed the second circumnavigation of the world, westabout, begun in 1577.
Medicine Severe outbreak of smallpox in Venezuela: it strikes the Caracas and other Indians in the North and greatly weakens Indian resistance to the Spanish colonizing of the region.George C. Kohn, Encyclopedia of plague and pestilence : From ancient times to the present, Infobase Publishing, 2007, .
Geology April 6 – Dover Straits earthquake.
Births January 12 – Jan Baptist van Helmont, Flemish chemist (died 1644) December 1 – Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc, French astronomer (died 1637) Peter Crüger, German polymath (died 1639) Willebrord Snellius, Dutch mathematician and physicist who devised the basic law of refraction, Snell's law (died 1626)
Deaths May 3 – Thomas Tusser, English chorister and agriculturalist (born c. 1524) September 15 – Friedrich Risner, German mathematician (born c. 1533) Giovanni Filippo Ingrassia, Sicilian anatomist (born 1510).
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