List of state leaders in the 9th century

This is a list of state leaders in the 9th century (801–900) AD.

Africa

Africa: Northeast

Makuria (complete list) – Mikhael, King (c.785/794–804/813) Ioannes, King (early–mid 9th century) Zakharias III, King (mid 9th century) Georgios I, King (late 9th–early 10th century)

Africa: Northcentral

Rustamid dynasty (complete list) – ʿAbdu l-Wahhab ibn Abd ar-Rahman, Imam (788–824) Aflah ibn ʿAbdi l-Wahhab, Imam (824–872) Abu Bakr ibn Aflah, Imam (872–874) Muhammad Abu l-Yaqzan ibn Aflah, Imam (874–894) Yusuf Abu Hatim ibn Muhammad Abi l-Yaqzan, Imam (894–895, 899–906) Yaʿqub ibn Aflah, Imam (895–899)

Aghlabid EmirsThis is primarily covered in the chronicle of al-Nuwayri. Ibrahim I ibn al-Aghlab ibn Salim (800–812) Abdallah I ibn Ibrahim (812–817) Ziyadat Allah I ibn Ibrahim(817–838) al-Aghlab Abu Iqal ibn Ibrahim (838–841) Muhammad I ibn al-Aghlab Abi Affan (841–856) Ahmad ibn Muhammad (856–863) Ziyadat Allah II ibn Muhammad (863) Abu 'l-Gharaniq Muhammad II ibn Ahmad (863–875) Abu Ishaq Ibrahim II ibn Ahmad (875–902)

Africa: Northwest

Barghawata (complete list) – Ilyâs ibn Sâlih, King (792–842)Dates with question marks are calculated on the basis of a secondary source . Other info is from Ibn Khaldun. Yunus ibn Ilyas, King (c.842–888) Abu Ghafir Muhammad, King (c.888–917)

Idrisid dynasty of Morocco (complete list) – Idris II, Emir (791–828) Muhammad ibn Idris, Emir (828–836) Ali ibn Idris, Emir (836–849) Yahya ibn Muhammad, Emir (849–863) Yahya ibn Yahya, Emir (863–866) Ali ibn Umar, Emir (866–unknown) Yahya ibn al-Qasim, Emir (unknown–905)

Emirate of Nekor (complete list) – Sa'id I ibn Idris, Emir (760–803) Salih II ibn Sa'id, Emir (803–864) Sa'id II ibn Salih, Emir (864–916)

Americas

Americas: Mesoamerica

Maya civilization

Calakmul (complete list) – Chan Pet, King (c. 849)

Copán (complete list) – Yax Pasaj Chan Yopaat, King (763–post-810) Ukit Took, King (822–?)

Palenque (complete list) – Janaab Pakal III, Ajaw (799–?)

Tikal (complete list) – Nuun Ujol K'inich, Ajaw (c.800) Dark Sun, Ajaw (c.810) Jewel K'awiil, Ajaw (c.849) Jasaw Chan K'awiil II, Ajaw (c.869)

Asia

Asia: Central

Tibet

Tibetan Empire (complete list) – Sadnalegs, Emperor (c.800/04–c.815) Ralpacan, Emperor (815–836) Langdarma, Emperor (836–842)

Uzbekistan

Samanid Empire (complete list) – Nuh ibn Asad, Amir (819–841) Yahya ibn Asad, Amir (819–855) Ahmad ibn Asad, Amir (819–864) Ilyas ibn Asad, Amir (819–856) Ibrahim ibn Ilyas, Amir (856–867) Nasr I, Amir (864–892) Isma'il ibn Ahmad, Amir (892–907)

Asia: East

Turks

Uyghur Khaganate (complete list) – Ai tengride ülüg bulmïsh alp qutlugh ulugh bilge, Khagan (795–808) Ai tengride qut bulmïsh külüg bilge, Khagan (808–821) Kün tengride ülüg bulmïsh alp küchlüg bilge, Khagan (821–824) Ai tengride qut bulmïsh alp bilge, Khagan (824–832) Ai tengride qut bulmïsh alp külüg bilge, Khagan (832–839) Kürebir, Khagan (839–840) Öge, Khagan (841–847)

China

Tang dynasty (complete list) – Dezong, Emperor (780–805) Shunzong, Emperor (805) Xianzong, Emperor (806–820) Muzong, Emperor (821–824) Jingzong, Emperor (824–826) Wenzong, Emperor (826–840) Wuzong, Emperor (840–846) Xuānzong, Emperor (846–859) Yizong, Emperor (859–873) Xizong, Emperor (873–888) Zhaozong, Emperor (888–904)

Japan

Heian period Japan (complete list) – Kanmu, Emperor (781–806) Heizei, Emperor (806–809) Saga, Emperor (809–823) Junna, Emperor (823–833) Ninmyō, Emperor (833–850) Montoku, Emperor (850–858) Seiwa, Emperor (858–876) Yōzei, Emperor (876–884) Kōkō, Emperor (884–887) Uda, Emperor (887–897) Daigo, Emperor (897–930)

Korea: North–South States Period

Balhae (complete list) – Gang, King (794–809) Jeong, King (809–812) Hui, King (812–817) Gan, King (817–818) Seon, King (818–830) Dae Ijin, King (830–857) Dae Geonhwang, King (857–871) Dae Hyeonseok, King (871–894) Dae Wihae, King (894–906)

Later Silla (complete list) – Aejang, King (800–809) Heondeok, King (809–826) Heungdeok, King (826–836) Huigang, King (836–838) Minae, King (838–839) Sinmu, King (839) Munseong, King (839–857) Heonan, King (857–861) Gyeongmun, King (861–875) Heongang, King (875–886) Jeonggang, King (886–887) Jinseong, King (887–897) Hyogong, King (897–912)

Asia: Southeast

Indonesia: Java

Mataram kingdom: Shailendra dynasty/Sanjaya dynasty (complete list) – Samaragrawira, King (800—819) Samaratungga, King (812—833) Pramodhawardhani, Queen (833—856) Rakai Pikatan, King (838—850) Balaputra, King (835–860) Balitung, King (899–911)

Sunda Kingdom (complete list) – Pucukbumi Darmeswara, Maharaja (795–819) Prabu Gajah Kulon Rakeyan Wuwus, Maharaja (819–891) Prabu Darmaraksa, Maharaja (891–895) Windusakti Prabu Dewageng, Maharaja (895–913)

Malaysia: Peninsular

Kedah Sultanate (complete list) – Maha Jiwa, Maharaja (c.788–832) Karma II, Maharaja (c.832–880) Darma Raja II, Maharaja (c.880–956)

Thailand

Ngoenyang (complete list) – Lao Gab, King (8th–9th century)

Vietnam

Champa (complete list) – Indravarman I, King (c.787–c.803)

Asia: South

Afghanistan

Ghurid dynasty (complete list) – Amir Suri, Malik (9th–10th century)

Turk Shahi (complete list) – Pati Dumi, King (?–815) Lagaturman, King (815–c.850)

Bengal and Northeast India

Chavda dynasty (complete list) – Vanaraja Chavda, King (c.765–780) Yogaraja, King (c.806–841) Ratnaditya, King (c.842–845) Vairisimha, King (c.845–856) Kshemaraja, King (c.856–880) Chamunda or Bhuyada, King (c.881–908)

Kamarupa: Mlechchha dynasty (complete list) – Salambha, King (795–815) Harjjaravarman, King (815–832) Vanamalavarman, King (832–855) Jayamala, King (855–860) Balavarman III, King (860–880) Tyagasimha, King (890–900)

Mallabhum (complete list) – Kharga Malla, King (841–862)

Pala Empire (complete list) – Dharmapala, King (8th–9th century) Devapala, King (9th century) Mahendrapala, King (9th century) Shurapala I, King (9th century) Vigrahapala I, King (9th century) Narayanapala, King (9th–10th century)

India

Chahamanas of Shakambhari (complete list) – Govindaraja I, King (c.809–836) Chandraraja II, King (c.836–863) Govindaraja II, King (c.863–890) Chandanaraja, King (c.890–917)

Chandelas of Jejakabhukti (complete list) – Nannuka, King (c.831–845) Vakpati, King (c.845–865) Jayashakti (Jayaśakti) and Vijayashakti, King (c.865–885) Rahila, King (c.885–905)

Eastern Chalukyas (complete list) – Vishnuvardhana IV, King (772–808) Vijayaditya II, King (808–847) Kali Vishnuvardhana V, King (847–849) Vijayaditya III, King (849–892) Chalukya Bhima I, King (892–921)

Chera Perumals of Makotai (complete list) – Rama Rajasekhara, King (c.800–844) Sthanu Ravi Varma, King (c.844–883) Goda Ravi, King (c.883–913)

Chola dynasty (complete list) – Vijayalaya Chola, King (c.850–870) Aditya I, King (870–907)

Eastern Ganga dynasty (complete list) – Anantavarman III, King (c.808–812) Rajendravarman II, King (c.812–840) Devendravarman IV, King (893–?) Devendravarman V, King (c.885–895) Gunamaharnava I, King (c.895–939) Vajrahasta II (or Anangabhimadeva I), King (c.895–939)

Western Ganga dynasty (complete list) – Shivamara II, King (788–816) Rachamalla I, King (816–843) Ereganga Neetimarga, King (843–870) Rachamalla II, King (870–907)

Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty (complete list) – Nagabhata II, King (800–833) Ramabhadra, King (833–836) Mihira Bhoja, King (836–885) Mahendrapala I, King (885–910)

Kalachuris of Tripuri (complete list) – Lakshmanaraja I, King (825–850) Kokalla I, King (850–890) Shankaragana II, King (890–910)

Kumaon Kingdom: Katyuri (complete list) – Basantana Dev, King (850–870) Kharpar Dev, King (870–880) Abhiraj Dev, King (880–890) Tribhuvanraj Dev, King (890–900) Nimbarta Dev, King (900–915)

Pandyan dynasty (complete list) – Parantaka Nedunjadaiyan, King (765–815) Varagunan I, King (800–830) Srimara Srivallabha, King (815–862) Varagunavarman II, King (862–880) Parantaka Viranarayana, King (880–900) Maravarman Rajasimha II, King (900–920)

Paramara dynasty of Malwa (complete list) – The Pallava dynasty has two chronologies of rulers. Dantivarman, King (late 8th–early 9th century)

Nandivarman III, King (mid 9th century) Nirupathungan, King (late 9th century, only in Aiyangar chronology) Aparajitavarman, King (882/879–897) The Pallava dynasty has two chronologies of rulers. Upendra, King (c.800–c.818) Vairisimha I, King (9th century) Siyaka I, King (9th century) Vakpati I, King (9th–10th century)

Rashtrakuta dynasty – Govinda III, King (793–814) Amoghavarsha, King (814–878) Krishna II, King (878–914)

Sisodia (complete list) – Bhathabhatt, Rajput (790–813) Rawal singh, Rajput (813–820) Khumman II, Rajput (820–853) Mahayak, Rajput (853–878)

Sri Lanka

Anuradhapura Kingdom, Sri Lanka (complete list) – Mahinda II, King (787–807) Dappula II, King (807–812) Mahinda III, King (812–816) Aggabodhi VIII, King (816–827) Dappula III, King (827–843) Aggabodhi IX, King (843–846) Sena I, King (846–866) Sena II, King (866–901)

Asia: West

Mesopotamia

Abbasid Caliphate, Baghdad (complete list) – Harun al-Rashid, Caliph (786–809) al-Amin, Caliph (809–813) al-Ma'mun, Caliph (813–833) al-Mu'tasim, Caliph (833–842) al-Wathiq, Caliph (842–847) al-Mutawakkil, Caliph (847–861) al-Muntasir, Caliph (861–862) al-Musta'in, Caliph (862–866) al-Mu'tazz, Caliph (866–869) al-Muhtadi, Caliph (869–870) al-Mu'tamid, Caliph (870–892) al-Mu'tadid, Caliph (892–902)

Persia

Saffarid dynasty (complete list) – Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar, Amir (861–879) Amr ibn al-Layth, Amir (879–901)

Samanid Empire (complete list) – Nuh ibn Asad, Amir (819–841) Yahya ibn Asad, Amir (819–855) Ahmad ibn Asad, Amir (819–864) Ilyas ibn Asad, Amir (819–856) Ibrahim ibn Ilyas, Amir (856–867) Nasr I, Amir (864–892) Isma'il ibn Ahmad, Amir (892–907)

Yemen

Yemeni Zaidi State (complete list) – Muhammad ibn Ja'far al-Sadiq, Imam (783–818) Muhammad ibn Ja'far al-Sadiq, Caliph (815-818) al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya, Imam (897–911)

Europe

Europe: Balkans

First Bulgarian Empire (complete list) – Kardam, Khan (777–803) Krum, Khan (803–814) Omurtag, Khan (814–831) Malamir, Khan (831–836) Presian I, Khan (836–852) Boris I, Knyaz (852–889) Vladimir, Knyaz (889–893) Simeon I, Emperor (893–927)

Byzantine Empire (complete list) – Irene, Regent (780–790, 792–797), Empress (797–802) Nikephoros I, Emperor (802–811) Staurakios, Co-Emperor (802–811), Emperor (811) Michael I Rangabe, Emperor (811–813) Theophylact, Co-Emperor (811–813) Leo V the Armenian, Emperor (813–820) Constantine (Symbatios), Junior Emperor (813–820) Michael II the Amorian, Emperor (820–829) Theophilos, Emperor (829–842)

Michael III, Emperor (842–867) Basil I the Macedonian, Emperor (867–886) Leo VI the Wise, Co-Emperor (870–886), Emperor (886–912)

Emirate of Crete (complete list) – Abu Hafs Umar al-Iqritishi, Emir (827/828–c.855) Shu'ayb ibn Umar, Emir (c.855–880) Abu Abdallah Umar ibn Shu'ayb, Emir (c.880–895) Muhammad ibn Shu'ayb al-Zarkun, Emir (c.895–910)

Duchy of Croatia (complete list) – Višeslav, Duke (c.785–c.802) Borna, Duke (c.810–821) Vladislav, Duke (821–c.823) Ljudemisl, Duke (c.823–c.835) Mislav, Duke (c.835–c.845) Trpimir I, Duke (845–864) Domagoj, Duke (864–876) Iljko, Duke (876–878) Zdeslav, Duke (878–879) Muncimir, Duke (892–910)

Principality of Serbia (complete list) – Višeslav, King (814–822) Radoslav, Prince (814–822) Prosigoj, Prince (?–c.830) Vlastimir, Prince (c.830–851) Mutimir, Prince (c.850–891) Pribislav, Prince (891–892) Petar, Prince (892–917)

Europe: British Isles

Great Britain: Scotland

Dál Riata (complete list) – Caustantín mac Fergusa, King (unknown) Conall mac Taidg, King (c.805–807) Conall mac Áedáin, King (c.807–811) Domnall mac Caustantín, King (c.811–835) Óengus II, King (unknown) Eóganán mac Óengusa, King (unknown) Áed mac Boanta, King (c.835–839) Alpín mac Echdach, King (unknown) Cináed mac Ailpín, King (unknown)

Picts (complete list) – Constantine (I), King (789–820) Óengus II, King (820–834) Drest IX, King (834–837) Eóganan, King (837–839) Uurad, competitor King (839–842) Bridei VI, competitor King (842–843)