Melanchthon, Melancthon or Melancton may refer to:
Surname Philip Melanchthon (1497–1560), German Lutheran reformer, collaborator with Martin Luther G. D. Melanchthon (1934–1994), Indian theologian
Given name Melancthon J. Briggs (1846–1923), American politician Melancthon Williams Jacobus Jr. (1855–1937), American theologian Melancton Smith (1744–1798), American delegate to the Continental Congress and merchant Melancton Smith (1810–1893), US Navy rear admiral Melancthon Smith (Confederate officer) (1829–1881), American Civil War Confederate colonel Melancthon S. Wade (1802–1868), American businessman, horticulturist and Civil War Union Army general Melancthon Brooks Woolsey (1817–1874), US Navy commodore