This is a list of state leaders in the 7th century (601–700) AD.
Africa
Africa: East
Kingdom of Aksum (complete list) – Gersem, King (c.600) Armah, King (c.614) Ashama ibn-Abjar, King (?–c.630)
Africa: Northeast
Makuria (complete list) – Merkurios, King (697–c.722) Zacharias I, King (c.722)
Americas Americas: Mesoamerica
Maya civilization
Calakmul (complete list) – Scroll Serpent, King (579–611) Yuknoom Tiʼ Chan, King (619) Tajoom Ukʼab Kʼahkʼ, King (622–630) Yuknoom Head, King (630–636) Yuknoom Chʼeen II, King (636–686) Yuknoom Yichʼaak Kʼahkʼ, King (686–c.695) Split Earth, King (c.695)
Copán (complete list) – Kʼakʼ Chan Yopaat, King (578–628)Sharer & Traxler 2006, p. 337. Chan Imix Kʼawiil, King (628–695) Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kʼawiil, King (695–738)
Palenque (complete list) – Yohl Ikʼnal, Queen (583–604) Ajen Yohl Mat, Ajaw (605–612) Janahb Pakal, Nobleman (c.612) Sak Kʼukʼ, Queen (612–615) Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal, Ajaw (615–683) Kʼinich Kan Bahlam II, Ajaw (684–702)
Tikal (complete list) – 23rd Ruler, Ajaw (c.635) 24th Ruler, Ajaw (c.645) Nuun Ujol Chaak, Ajaw (pre-657–c.679) Jasaw Chan Kʼawiil I, Ajaw (682–734)
Asia
Asia: Central
Xueyantuo (complete list) – Yiedie, Khan (600s–610s) Zhenzhu, Khan (628–645) Duomi, Khan (645–646) Yitewushi, Khan (646)
Tibet
Tibetan Empire (complete list) – Tagbu Nyasig, King (579–619) Namri Songtsen, King (?–629) Songtsen Gampo, Emperor (618–649) Gungsrong Gungtsen, Emperor (638–c.655) Mangsong Mangtsen, Emperor (653–676) Tridu Songtsen, Emperor (676–704) Khri ma lod, Empress (675–689, 704–712)
Kazakhstan
Gaochang Qú Qiángù, ruler (560-601) Qú Bóyǎ, ruler (601-613, 619-623) unnamed usurper, ruler (613-619) Qú Wéntài, ruler (623-640) Qú Zhìshèng, ruler (640)
Asia: East
Turks
Eastern Turkic Khaganate (complete list) – Yami, Qaghan (603–609) Shibi, Qaghan (611–619) Chuluo, Qaghan (619–621) Illig, Qaghan (620–630) Qilibi, Qaghan (639–645) Chebi, Qaghan (c.646–650)
Second Turkic Khaganate (complete list) – Ilterish, Founder, Qaghan (681–694) Qapaghan, Qaghan (694–716)
China: Sui dynasty
Sui dynasty (complete list) – Wen, Emperor (581–604) Yang, Emperor (604–618)In 617, the rebel general Li Yuan (the later Emperor Gaozu of Tang) declared Emperor Yang's grandson Yang You emperor (as Emperor Gong) and "honored" Emperor Yang as Taishang Huang (retired emperor) at the western capital Daxing (Chang'an), but only the commanderies under Li's control recognized this change; for the other commanderies under Sui control, Emperor Yang was still regarded as emperor, not as retired emperor. After news of Emperor Yang's death in 618 reached Daxing and the eastern capital Luoyang, Li Yuan deposed Emperor Gong and took the throne himself, establishing the Tang dynasty, but the Sui officials at Luoyang declared Emperor Gong's brother Yang Tong (later also known as Emperor Gong during the brief reign of Wang Shichong over the region as the emperor of a brief Zheng (鄭) state) emperor. Meanwhile, Yuwen Huaji, the general under whose leadership the plot to kill Emperor Yang was carried out, declared Emperor Wen's grandson Yang Hao emperor but killed Yang Hao later in 618 and declared himself emperor of a brief Xu (許) state. As Yang Hao was completely under Yuwen's control and only "reigned" briefly, he is not usually regarded as a legitimate emperor of Sui, while Yang Tong's legitimacy is more recognized by historians but still disputed. Yang You, Emperor (617–618) Yang Tong, Emperor (618–619)
China: Tang dynasty
Tang dynasty (complete list) – Gaozu, Emperor (618–626) Taizong, Emperor (626–649) Gaozong, Emperor (650–683) Zhongzong, Emperor (684, 705–710) Ruizong, Emperor (684–690, 710–712) Zhou dynasty – Wu Zetian, Empress regnant (690–705)
Japan Japan, Asuka period (complete list) – Suiko, Empress (592–628) Jomei, Emperor (629–641) Kōgyoku, Empress (642–645) Kōtoku, Emperor (645–654) Saimei, Empress (655–661) Tenji, Emperor (661–672) Kōbun, Emperor (672) Tenmu, Emperor (672–686) Jitō, Empress (686–697) Monmu, Emperor (697–707)
Korea
Baekje (complete list) – Beop, King (599–600) Mu, King (600–641) Uija, King (641–660)
Goguryeo (complete list) – Yeong-yang, King (590–618) Yeong-nyu, King (618–642) Bojang, King (642–668)
Silla (complete list) – Jinpyeong, King (579–632) Seondeok, King (632–647) Jindeok, King (647–654) Muyeol, King (654–661)
Later Silla (complete list) – Munmu, King (661–681) Sinmun, King (681–691) Hyoso, King (692–702)
Balhae (complete list) – Go, King (698–719)
Asia: Southeast
Cambodia Chenla (complete list) – Mohendravarman, King (c.590–611) Isanavarman I, King (616–637) Bhavavarman II, King (639–657) Jayavarman I, King (c.657–681/690) Jayavedi, Queen (c.681–713)
Indonesia: Java
East Java – Dewasimha, King (7th/8th century)
Shailendra dynasty – Santanu, King (c.650) Dapunta Selendra, King (c.674)
Kalingga Kingdom: Shailendra dynasty – Shima, Queen (674—703)
Tarumanagara (complete list) – Kertawarman, Maharaja (561–628) Linggawarman, Maharaja (628–650) Tarusbawa, Maharaja (669–690)
Sunda Kingdom (complete list) – Tarusbawa, Maharaja (669–723)
Galuh Kingdom (complete list) – Wretikandayun, Maharaja (612-702)
Malaysia: Peninsular Kedah Sultanate (complete list) – Maha Dewa II, Maharaja (c.580–620) Maha Dewa III, Maharaja (c.620–660) DiMaharaja Putra II, Maharaja (c.660–712)
Thailand
Ngoenyang (complete list) – Lavachakkaraj, King (638–mid 7th century) Lao Khao Kaew Mah Mueng, King (late 7th century) Lao Sao, King (7th–8th century)
Hariphunchai (complete list) – Camadevi, Queen (7th/8th century)
Vietnam
Champa (complete list) – Kandarpadharma, King (629–?) Prabhasadharma, King (?–645) Bhadresvaravarman, King (645–?) Isanavarman, Queen (?–653) Vikrantavarman I, King (653–c.686) Vikrantavarman II, King (c.686–c.731)
Early Lý dynasty (complete list) – Hậu Lý Nam Đế, Emperor (571–603)
Asia: South
Afghanistan
Turk Shahi (complete list) – Shahi Tegin, King (680–739)
Bengal and Northeast India
Gauda Kingdom (complete list) – Shashanka, King (c.590–625) Manava, King (625)
Kamarupa: Varman dynasty (complete list) – Bhaskaravarman, King (600–650) Avantivarman, King (unknown)
Kamarupa: Mlechchha dynasty (complete list) – Salasthamba, King (650–670) Vigrahastambha, King (670–680) Palaka, King (680–695) Kumara, King (695–710)
Khadga dynasty – Khadgodyama, King (625–640) Jatakhadga, King (640–658) Devakhadga, King (658–673) Rajabhat, King (673–707)
Mallabhum (complete list) – Adi Malla, King (694–710)
India
Chahamanas of Shakambhari (complete list) – Samantaraja, King (c.684–709)
Chalukya dynasty (complete list) – Mangalesha, King (c.592–610) Pulakeshin II, King (c.610–642) Adityavarman, King (c.643–645) Abhinavaditya, King (c.645–646) Chandraditya, King (c.646–649) Vijaya-Bhattarika, Regent (c.650–655) Vikramaditya I, King (c.655–680) Vinayaditya, King (680–696) Vijayaditya, King (696–733)
Eastern Chalukyas (complete list) – Kubja Vishnuvardhana, King (624–641) Jayasimha I, King (641–673) Indra Bhattaraka, King (673) Vishnu Vardhana II, King (673–682) Mangi Yuvaraja, King (682–706)
Eastern Ganga dynasty (complete list) – Indravarman III, King (589–652) Gunarnava, King (652–682) Devendravarman I, King (c.652–682)
Western Ganga dynasty (complete list) – Mushkara, King (579–604) Polavira, King (604–629) Srivikrama, King (629–654) Bhuvikarma, King (654–679) Shivamara I, King (679–726)
Kalachuris of Tripuri (complete list) – Vamaraja-deva, King (675–700)
Maitraka dynasty (complete list) – Śīlāditya I, King (c.595–c.615) Kharagraha I, King (c.615–c.626) Dharasena III, King (c.626–c.640) Dhruvasena II, King (c.640–c.644) Chakravarti, King (c.644–c.651) Dhruvasena III, King (c.650–c.654–655) Kharagraha II, King (c.655–c.658) Śīlāditya II, King (c.658–c.685) Śīlāditya III, King (c.690–c.710)
Maukhari dynasty (complete list) – Graha-varman, King (c.600–605)
Pallava dynasty – The Pallava dynasty has two chronologies of rulers. Mahendravarman I, King (6th/7th century) Narasimhavarman I, King (630–668) Mahendravarman II, King (668–672) Paramesvaravarman I, King (late 7th century) Empire of Harsha – Harsha, King (c.606–c.647)
Pandyan dynasty (complete list) – Kadungon, King (590–620) Koon Pandiyan, King (7th century) Maravarman Avanisulamani, King (c.620–645) Jayantavarman, King (c.645–670) Arikesari Maravarman, King (c.670–710)
Pushyabhuti dynasty (complete list) – Prabhakara-vardhana, King (c.580–605) Rajya-vardhana, King (c.605–606) Harsha, King (c.606–c.647)
Vishnukundina dynasty (complete list) – Janssraya Madhava Varma IV, Maharaja (573–621)
Pakistan
Rai dynasty (complete list) – Rai Sahiras II, King (early 7th century)"The historical background of Pakistan and its people" by Ahmed Abdulla (Tanzeem Publishers, 1973) Rai Sahasi II, King (early 7th century)
Sri Lanka
Anuradhapura Kingdom, Sri Lanka (complete list) – Aggabodhi II, King (598–608) Sangha Tissa II, King (608–608) Moggallana III, King (608–614) Silameghavanna, King (614–623) Aggabodhi III, King (623–623) Jettha Tissa III, King (623–624) Aggabodhi III, King (624–640) Dathopa Tissa I, King (640–652) Kassapa II, King (652–661) Dappula I, King (661–664) Dathopa Tissa II, King (664–673) Aggabodhi IV, King (673–689) Unhanagara Hatthadatha, King (691–691) Manavanna, King (691–726)
Asia: West
Islam
Muslims – Muhammad, Prophet (c.610–632) Rashidun Caliphate (complete list) – Abu Bakr, Caliph (632–634) Umar, Caliph (634–644) Uthman, Caliph (644–656) Ali, Caliph (656–661)
Hasan ibn Ali's Caliphate (complete list) – Hasan ibn Ali, Caliph (661)
Umayyad Caliphate (complete list) – Muawiyah I, Caliph (661 — 680) Yazid I, Caliph (680–683) Muawiya II, Caliph (683–684) Marwan I, Caliph (684–685) Abd al-Malik, Caliph (685–705)
Turks
Western Turkic Khaganate (complete list) – Niri, Qaghan of the Apa line (c.600) Heshana, Qaghan (603–611) Shikui, Qaghan (611–618) Tong Yabghu, Qaghan (618–628) Külüg Sibir, Qaghan (630–631) Irbis Bolun Cabgu, Qaghan (631–633) Dulu, Qaghan (633–634) Ishbara Tolis, Qaghan (634–638) Yukuk Shad, Qaghan (638–642) Irbis Seguy, Qaghan (642–651) Ashina Helu, Qaghan (651–658)
Persia
Persia: Sasanian Empire (complete list) – Khosrow II, Shahanshah, King of Kings (591–628) Vistahm,§ Shahanshah, King of Kings (591–596) Kavadh II, Shahanshah, King of Kings (628) Ardashir III, Shahanshah, King of Kings (628–629) Shahrbaraz, rival/usurper Shahanshah, King of Kings (629) Khosrow III, rival/usurper Shahanshah, King of Kings (629) Borandukht, Shahanshah, King of Kings (629–630) Shapur-i Shahrvaraz,§ Shahanshah, King of Kings (630) Peroz II,§ Shahanshah, King of Kings (630) Azarmidokht, Shahanshah, King of Kings (630–631) Farrukh Hormizd, rival/usurper Shahanshah, King of Kings (630–631) Hormizd VI, rival/usurper Shahanshah, King of Kings (630–631) Khosrow IV, rival/usurper Shahanshah, King of Kings (631) Farrukhzad Khosrau V,§ Shahanshah, King of Kings (631) Boran, Shahanshah, King of Kings (631–632) Yazdegerd III, Shahanshah, King of Kings (632–651)
Dabuyid dynasty (complete list) – Gil Gavbara, Spahbed (642–660) Dabuya, Spahbed (660–712)
Yemen
Yemeni Zaidi State (complete list) – Al-Hasan al-Muthanna, Imam (680–706)
Europe
Europe: Balkans
Old Great Bulgaria – Organa, Regent (617–630) Gostun, Regent (c.630–c.632) Kubrat, ruler (c.632–c.650/65)
First Bulgarian Empire (complete list) – Asparuh, Khan (c.681–701)
Byzantine Empire (complete list) – Maurice, Emperor (582–602) Theodosius, Co-Emperor (590–602) Phocas, Emperor (602–610) Heraclius, Emperor (610–641) Constantine III, co-Emperor (613–641), Emperor (641) Heraklonas, co-Emperor (641), Emperor (641) Constans II, Emperor (641–668) Constantine IV, co-Emperor (654–668), Emperor (668–685) Heraclius, Co-Emperor (659–681) Tiberius, Co-Emperor (659–681) Justinian II, co-Emperor (681–685), Emperor (685–695, 705–711) Leontios, Emperor (695–698) Tiberios III, Emperor (698–705) Justinian II, co-Emperor (668–685), Emperor (685–695, 705–711)
Principality of Serbia (complete list) –