Nishijima (written: 西島 or 西嶋) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Gudō Wafu Nishijima (1919–2014), Japanese Zen Buddhist priest and teacher Hidetoshi Nishijima (actor) (born 1971), Japanese actor Hidetoshi Nishijima (politician) (born 1948), Japanese politician Hiroyuki Nishijima (born 1982), Japanese football player Katsuhiko Nishijima (born 1960), Japanese anime director Kazuhiko Nishijima (1926–2009), Japanese physicist Takahiro Nishijima (born 1986), Japanese singer and actor Yōsuke Nishijima (born 1973), Japanese professional boxer