Pedro Llosas y Badía () (1870–1955)Born 09.05.1870, and baptised 10.05.1870 in Sant Esteban de Olot church, see birth certificate available here p. 297. Some sources claim he was born 1872, see the official Cortes service, available here, though most maintain the correct birth date is 1870, see Núria Moret i Llosas, El llegat documental de Pere Llosas i Badia, [in:] Annals del Patronat d'Estudis Històrics d'Olot i Comarca 1994, p. 54, Biblioteca de Catalunya service, available here, Lluís Costa Fernández, La dictadura de Primo de Rivera a Girona: premsa i societat (1923-1930) [PhD thesis Universitat de Girona], Girona 1994, , p. 188, B. de Artagan [Reynaldo Brea], Políticos del carlismo, Barcelona 1912, p. 236, Isidre Molas, Els senadors carlins de Catalunya (1901-1923), Barcelona 2009, p. 14 or obituary in ¡Arriba España! 03.12.55, available here; also FamilySearch, "España, bautismos, 1502-1940," database, available here was a Spanish right-wing politician. Active in Catalonia, he was first associated with the Carlists and then with the Primo de Rivera regime. He was the longest-serving Carlist deputy from Catalonia during the RestauraciónNarciso Battle Baro and Josep Suelves Montagut were other Catalan Carlists serving 4 turns in the Cortes, but in terms of monthly duration Llosas' tenure lasted longer but is known mostly as the civil governor of provinces of the Baleares (1921–1922, 1926–1930) and La Coruña (1925–1926).
Family and youth
The Llosas family has traditionally been active in the Catalan textile industry as cotton weavers; in the 19th century they established themselves in middle-low range of the local bourgeoisie.Moret i Llosas 1994, p. 54 Paternal grandfather of Pedro, Juan Llosas Pujol, originated from Olot (Girona province), located in the comarca of Alta Garrotxa at the Pyrenean foothills.Moret i Llosas 1994, p. 53 His son and Pedro's father, Juan Llosas Tenas (died 1872), in early years left his native region for Albacete, for over 20 years assisting his uncle in running a textile business.Moret i Llosas 1994, p. 54 When the shop was inherited by his cousin, Albert Escubós Llosas, he returned to Olot and married Rosa Badía Trull (died 1896),Eco de la montaña 31.05.96, available here, L’Olotí 31.05.96, available here a native of El Sallent.Moret i Llosas 1994, p. 54 The couple possessed land properties in the neighboring Santa Pau and Mieres.Moret i Llosas 1994, p. 55 Pedro was the only child of the couple.Rosa Badia's certificate of death, available here
Except that he was very early orphaned by his father, next to nothing is known about Pedro's early childhood in Olot, a town that became a headquarters of Carlism during the Third Carlist War. In 1882 he entered the nearby Seminario-Colegio de Santa María del Collell, originally an ecclesiastic seminary in 1876 merged with Instituto de Segunda Enseñanza de Girona; the establishment allowed pursuing a religious path but offered also commercial studies.Bulleti del Santuari S. María del Collel 7 (1917), available here In 1887 he obtained bachillerato, officially issued by Instituto de Girona,Moret i Llosas 1994, pp. 54-5 and enrolled at Facultad de Filosofía y Letras in the University of Barcelona. Llosas graduated in 1890, his dissertation dedicated to the Gracchus land reforms in the ancient Rome and acknowledged with excellent marks.Moret i Llosas 1994, p. 54 He pursued a scientific path later on, already when he served as deputy in Madrid; in 1915 he graduated in Madrid in history,some scholars suspect he might have intended to obtain PhD laurels, Moret i Llosas 1994, p. 54 his thesis titled Renaixement de Catalunya, època del rei Martí l'Humà;El Deber 04.12.15, referred after ¡Arriba España! 04.12.65, available here also later he remained particularly interested in archeology.„aficionat a l’arqueologia”, Josep Burch i Rius et al. (eds.), Emili Gandia i la conservació del patrimoni cultural a la Catalunya de començament del segle XX, Girona 2015, , page unavailable, accessible here One source refers to him as „abogado”.Artagan 1912, p. 236; no information on his would-have-been law studies is available elsewhere
Having returned to Olot in 1893 Llosas Badía married Anna Serat-Calvó y Plana (died 1942);Moret i Llosas 1994, p. 54, La Vanguardia 14.03.42, available here; also FamilySearch, "España, matrimonios, 1565-1950," database, available here they settled at calle de San Jerónimo 47.Guía Oficial de España 1911, p. 61, available here; later they moved to calle Fontanella, ¡Arriba España! 03.12.55, available here; the couple also possessed an estate in neighboring Santa Pau, Tradició Catalana 12.08.33, available here In 1895 he and two relatives founded a local bank, Banco Llosas, Escubós y Puigmitjà,Moret i Llosas 1994, p. 55 which proved successful and remained their property until the mid-1920s.the bank served both local aristocrats like marqués de Monistrol and local companies, like Sangrà i Cia, Moret i Llosas 1994, p. 55; apart from the local provincial market it was also engaged in some nationwide schemes like hydrotechnical works on the Guadalquivir, see ABC 06.06.15, available here, and was first one in Girona province to introduce safe deposits, Ramón Llongarriu i Monsalvatje, La banca a Olot, [in:] bohigas service, available here Pedro and Anna had 6 children, born between 1894 and 1904, but the family life was marked by recurring tragedies: María died in early infancy, Rosa - who married Joaquin Vayreda Aulet, son the Olot Traditionalist painter and author, Marian Vayredathe wedding took place in 1917, Comarca 12.05.17, available here, see also La Vanguardia 03.01.69, available here; Rosa Llosas probably died when giving birth a year later, La Comarca 01.06.18, available here - died at 23 in 1918,El Deber 01.06.18, available here Nonito died also at 23 in 1921Tradició Catalana 22.07.22, available here and Juan died at 41 in 1933.La Vanguardia 16.02.33, available here Of the two surviving, Martirián Llosas y Serrat-Calvó - also a Carlistin the late 1940s and the early 1950s he was member of Junta Regional, the Catalan Carlist executive, César Alcalá, D. Mauricio de Sivatte. Una biografía política (1901-1980), Barcelona 2001, , pp. 95, 99 - was active in the Barcelona juvenile court, during early Francoism serving briefly as president of the Gerona diputacionLa Vanguardia 16.08.39, available here and rising to president judge of Tribunal Tutelar de Menores de Barcelona and president of Union Nacional de Tribunales Tutelares de Menores,La Vanguardia 14.06.69, available here apart from having been president of Obra Tutelar Agraria for 27 years.La Vanguardia 22.10.85, available here Miguel Llosas y Serrat-Calvó pursued a law careerLa Vanguardia 09.12.28, available here and was also active as judge for the minors,Santiago Olives Canals, Stephen Taylor, Who's who in Spain vol. 1, Madrid 1963, p. 508 but became a public figure mostly as a man of letters.compare his works at Biblioteca de Catalunya service, available here Apart from lesser works on historye.g. Besalú al setge d'Almenara, [in:] Assemblees d'estudis Besalú 1 (1968), pp. 91-98 or El comte Tallaferro a Còrdova, [in:] Assemblees d'estudis Besalú 2 (1973), pp. 183-200 and culture;e.g. El arte moderno en su proyección religiosa, [in:] Cristianidad 17 (1960), pp. 26-29 his major study focusing on ancient Rome, Berenice, was published posthumously.Miguel Llosas y Serrat-Calvó, Berenice, Girona 2007,
Carlist
In the late 19th century Olot was among Catalan Carlist strongholds. Painting activity of Escuela de Olot and literary works of Marian Vayreda y Vila made it cultural centre of regional Traditionalism and conservative Catalanism.there is massive literature on Vayreda, covering his paintings, his literary works, his political activity and his ideology; on the latter, see e.g. Rafael Botella García-Lastra, El carlismo en la novela, [in:] Miguel Ayuso (ed.), A los 175 años del carlismo, Madrid, 2011, , pp. 401–434 Narcís Selles, Entre un món residual i un món emergent, [in:] Esposició antologica de Marian Vayreda i Vila (1853 - 1903), Olot 2003, pp. 25–31, Narcís Selles, Marian Vayreda: idealització i conflicte davant d'una realitat canviant, [in:] Revista de Girona 220 (2003), pp. 30–35, Edgar Illas, Marià Vayreda. El carlisme reciclat i l'inconscient català, [in:] El contemporani: revista d'història 27 (2003), pp. 48–51, Francesc Roma, Del Paradís a la Nació: la muntanya a Catalunya, segles XV-XX, Valls 2004, and works of Jordi Canal, quoted later The young Pedro – though nothing is known about political preferences of his ancestors – was growing exposed and actively engaged in both.on complex relationship between Carlism and Catalanism see detailed discussion in Jordi Canal, Carlisme i catalanisme a la fi del segle XIX. Notes sobre unes relacions complexes, [in:] Le discours sur la nation en Catalogne aux XIXe et XXe siècles. Hommage à Antoni M. Badia i Margarit, Paris 1995, pp. 211–230, Jordi Canal, ¿En busca del precedente perdido? Tríptico sobre las complejas relaciones entre carlismo y catalanismo a fines del siglo XIX, [in:] Historia y Politica 14 (2005), pp. 45-84, Jordi Canal, Marian Vayreda, entre el carlisme i el catalánisme, [in:] Revista de Girona 225 (2004), pp. 41–46 In 1891 he was already reported as secretary of the local Centre Catalanista,L’Oloti 09.08.91, available here 1892 growing to its vice-president;L’Oloti 10.01.92, available here during his early years he also entered the local Circulo Tradicionalista,Moret i Llosas 1994, pp. 54-5 at unspecified date rising to its president.Artagan 1912, p. 236 In the mid-1890s Llosas was also busy in local Olotense and regional Catalan Catholic initiatives.Eco de la montaña 12.08.94, available here Apart from organizational work he was active as a speakerArtagan 1912, p. 236 and especially as an author, contributing to periodicals like L’Olotí and El Deber, though also Diario de OlotMoret i Llosas 1994, p. 55 and El Ateneo;Revista del Ateneo Obrero de Olot, 01.03.08, available here his writings revealed a knack for culture and history.Album literati y artístich de l’Oloti 1 (1894), available here Known locally, until the early 20th century Llosas did not emerge as a recognized figure in Catalan Carlism.Llosas is not listed a single time in a monographic work on Catalan Carlism of the late 19th century, see Jordi Canal, El carlisme català dins l’Espanya de la Restauració. Un assaig de modernizació política (1888-1900), Vic 1998,