Tribunals in India are quasi-judicial bodies for settling various administrative and tax-related disputes, including matters that are under the jurisdiction of Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT), Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT), Customs, Excise and Service Tax Appellate Tribunal (CESTAT), National Green Tribunal (NGT), and Securities Appellate Tribunal (SAT), among others.

Tribunals in India are governed by The Tribunals Reforms Act, 2021.

Armed Forces Tribunal (AFT) is a military tribunal in India. It was established under the Armed Forces Tribunal Act, 2007.

The National Company Law Tribunal is a quasi-judicial body in India that adjudicates issues relating to Indian companies.

National Company Law Appellate Tribunal (NCLAT) was constituted under Section 410 of the Companies Act, 2013 for hearing appeals against the orders of National Company Law Tribunal(s) (NCLT), with effect from 1 June 2016.

There are 14 tribunals in India, established or functioning under The Tribunals Reforms Act, 2021.

Tribunals in India

Following are the tribunals in India.

Sl No Tribunals1Appellate Tribunal for Electricity2Appellate Tribunal under Smugglers and Foreign Exchange Manipulators Act3Armed Forces Tribunal4Central Administrative Tribunal5Central Government Industrial Tribunal6Customs, Excise and Service Tax Appellate Tribunal7Debt Recovery Tribunal8Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT)9National Company Law Appellate Tribunal (NCLAT)10National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT)11National Green Tribunal (NGT)12Railway Claims Tribunal13Securities Appellate Tribunal14Telecom Disputes Settlement and Appellate Tribunal (TDSAT)

Replaced and Dissolved Tribunals

Following is the list of tribunals dissolved and its replacements:

Sl No Dissolved Tribunals Replaced Tribunals1Competition Appellate TribunalNational Company Law Appellate Tribunal2Airports Economic Regulatory Authority Appellate TribunalTelecom Disputes Settlement and Appellate Tribunal3Cyber Appellate TribunalTelecom Disputes Settlement and Appellate Tribunal4Copyright BoardIntellectual Property Appellate Board5National Highways Tribunal Airport Appellate Tribunal6Employees Provident Fund Appellate Tribunal,Central Government Industrial Tribunal

Composition

The tribunals consist of the chairman, vice-chairman, and others whose terms of office are restricted to five years; they are eligible for reappointment after retirement.

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