The Gutian dialect (Eastern Min: 古田話) is a dialect of Eastern Min spoken in Gutian, Ningde in northeastern Fujian province, China.
Phonology The Gutian dialect has 15 initials, 52 rimes and 7 tones.
Initials + Bilabial Alveolar Lateral Velar Glottal Stop Tenuis voiceless Aspirated voiceless Nasal Fricative Voiceless voiced Affricate Tenuis voiceless Aspirated voiceless Approximant
Rimes + 嘉 西 初 歌 之 孤 須 開 催 郊 抖 遮 批 秋 燒 花 過 歪 輝 杯 橋 山 賓 春 銀 聲 天 歡 元 香 燈 郎 東 答 必 不 竹 揭 哲 撥 拙 箬 八 駁 北 拍 嗝 桌 壁 劃 剝 藥
Tones + No.1234567Tone namedark level陰平light level陽平rising上聲dark departing陰去light departing陽去dark entering陰入light entering陽入Tone contour (55) (33) (42) (21) (324) (2) (5)
Initial assimilation The two-syllable initial assimilation rules are shown in the table below:
The Coda of the Former Syllable The Initial Assimilation of the Latter Syllable Null coda or and change to ; and change to ; and change to null initial (without ); and change to ; , and the null initial remain unchanged. and change to ; and change to ; , and the null initial change to ; and change to ; and remain unchanged. All initials remain unchanged.
Tone sandhi The two-syllable tonal sandhi rules are shown in the table below (the rows give the first syllable's original citation tone, while the columns give the citation tone of the second syllable):
dark level55light level33rising42dark departing21light departing324dark entering2light entering5dark level5521+5521+3321+4224+2124+54424+221+5light level3321+4221+2121+32421+2rising4221+5521+2421+4224+2124+54424+221+5dark departing2133+5533+54433+5324+2155+3355+233+5light departing32455+55544+33544+4242+21544+2142+255+5dark entering233+5533+5533+5355+2155+3355+255+5light entering533+5521+3321+4221+2121+32421+233+5
Notes
References
.