The Yong'an dialect (Central Min: 永安事, Mandarin Chinese: 永安話) is a Central Min dialect spoken in Yong'an, Sanming in Western Fujian Province, China.
Phonology The Yong'an dialect has 17 initials, 41 rimes and 6 tones.
Initials The initials of the Yong'an dialect are: Bilabial Dental Palato-alveolar Velar Glottal Nasal / Approximant ~ Plosive Affricate Fricative
The initials and occur in free variation. can also be heard as voiced plosives in free variation. Palato-alveolar sounds can also be heard as alveolo-palatal sounds in free variation among speakers.
Rimes The Yong'an dialect has a rich set of oral and nasal vowels, but allows only -m and -ŋ as a final consonant.
Open syllable Nasal coda Nasal vowel codaOpen mouthɹ̩ aɯ ɔum am ɔm ãŋ ẽĩŋ ã õ Even mouthi ia iɔ iø ie iɯiauiam iẽĩŋĩ iã iõClosed mouth uɔ ue ui um uẽĩŋ uã Round mouth ya ye yi ym yẽĩŋ
Tones The tones are:
Middle Chinese tone level rising departing entering upper 53 21 35 13 lower 32 43 (> lower rising)
Tone sandhi The Yong'an dialect has extremely extensive tone sandhi rules: in an utterance, only the last syllable pronounced is not affected by the rules. The two-syllable tonal sandhi rules are shown in the table below:
+ Tone sandhi of first syllableOriginal citation toneTone sandhiupper levellower levellower levelremain unchangedupper risinglower levellower risingupper risingdepartingremain unchangedenteringhigh level (55)
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