Brazil has more than 1900 bird species, and according to the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation and the Brazilian Ministry of the Environment, there are 240 species or subspecies of Brazilian birds listed as threatened, six as extinct and two as extinct in the wild.Portaria No - 444, De 17 De Dezembro De 2014 The Brazilian definition uses the same criteria and categories of IUCN. Among the 33 orders of birds in Brazil, 22 have threatened species. The passerine order (songbirds), besides being the most diverse order in Brazil, also has the most species on the Brazilian Red List, followed by parrots. The Northeast Region, notably the Atlantic forest and Caatinga, has the most endemic and threatened birds, and two of them, the Alagoas curassow and the Spix's macaw, are considered to be extinct in the wild. The Pernambuco Endemism Center presents many critically endangered species due to the intense destruction of the Atlantic forest. Some species might be extinct in Brazil, like the glaucous macaw and the Eskimo curlew.
A list of threatened species was published by Diário Oficial da União, on December 17, 2014. Even though some species have been removed from the list (for instance, the hyacinth macaw), the number of threatened species has increased in comparison with the former list (which had 160 taxa). Furthermore, the number of known species has been increasing considerably since the last half of the 20th century, and this has influenced the number of listed species.
In spite of using the same criteria, the ICMBio list often shows a different conservation status than the IUCN. That is because the assessments were done at different times by different researchers.
Threatened birds of Brazil - ICMBio (2014)
Order Tinamiformes (tinamous)
Family Tinamidae Crypturellus noctivagus noctivagus (yellow-legged tinamou) - ICMBio status Crypturellus noctivagus zabele (yellow-legged tinamou) - ICMBio status Nothura minor (lesser nothura) - ICMBio status Taoniscus nanus (dwarf tinamou) - ICMBio status Tinamus tao (grey tinamou) - ICMBio status
Order Anseriformes (ducks, geese, and swans)
Family Anatidae Mergus octosetaceus (Brazilian merganser) - ICMBio status
Order Galliformes (gamebirds, landfowl, gallinaceous birds)
Family Cracidae (chachalacas, guans and curassows) Aburria jacutinga (black-fronted piping guan) - ICMBio status Crax blumenbachii (red-billed curassow) - ICMBio status Crax globulosa (wattled curassow) - ICMBio status Crax fasciolata pinima (Natterer's curassow) - ICMBio status Pauxi mitu (Alagoas curassow) - ICMBio status Penelope jacucaca (white-browed guan) - ICMBio status Penelope ochrogaster (chestnut-bellied guan) - ICMBio status Penelope pileata (white-crested guan) - ICMBio status Penelope superciliaris alagoensis (rusty-margined guan) - ICMBio status Ortalis guttata remota (speckled chachalaca) - ICMBio status
Family Odontophoridae (New World quails) Odontophorus capueira plumbeicollis (spot-winged wood quail) - ICMBio status
Ordem Procellariiformes (petrels)
Family Diomedeidae (albatrosses) Diomedea dabbenena (Tristan albatross) - ICMBio status Diomedea epomophora (southern royal albatross) - ICMBio status Diomedea exulans (wandering albatross) - ICMBio status Diomedea sanfordi (northern royal albatross) - ICMBio status Thalassarche chlororhynchos (Atlantic yellow-nosed albatross) - ICMBio status
Família Procellariidae (petrels) Procellaria aequinoctialis (white-chinned petrel) - ICMBio status Procellaria conspicillata (spectacled petrel) - Estado ICMBio Pterodroma arminjoniana (Trindade petrel) - ICMBio status Pterodroma deserta (Desertas petrel) - ICMBio status Pterodroma incerta (Atlantic petrel) - ICMBio status Pterodroma madeira (Zino's petrel) - ICMBio status Puffinus lherminieri (Audubon's shearwater) - ICMBio status
Order Phaethontiformes (tropicbirds)
Family Phaethontidae Phaethon aethereus (red-billed tropicbird) - ICMBio status Phaethon lepturus (white-tailed tropicbird) - ICMBio status
Order Suliformes
Family Sulidae (boobies) Sula sula (red-footed booby) - ICMBio status
Order Pelecaniformes
Family Ardeidae (herons) Tigrisoma fasciatum (fasciated tiger heron) - ICMBio status
Ordem Accipitriformes (hawks, eagles and vultures)
Family Accipitridae Amadonastur lacernulatus (white-necked hawk) - ICMBio status Circus cinereus (cinereous harrier) - ICMBio status Harpia harpyja (harpy eagle) - ICMBio status Leptodon forbesi (white-collared kite) - ICMBio status Morphnus guianensis (crested eagle) - ICMBio status Urubutinga coronata (crowned solitary eagle) - ICMBio status
Order Gruiformes (cranes)
Family Psophiidae (trumpeters) Psophia dextralis (dark-winged trumpeter) - ICMBio status Psophia interjecta (dark-winged trumpeter) - ICMBio status Psophia obscura (dark-winged trumpeter) - ICMBio status
Family Rallidae (rails) Porzana spiloptera (dot-winged crake) - ICMBio status
Order Charadriiformes (waders, gulls and auks)
Family Charadriidae (plovers, dotterels, and lapwings) Charadrius wilsonia (Wilson's plover) - ICMBio status
Family Scolopacidae (sandpipers) Calidris canutus (red knot) - ICMBio status Calidris pusilla (semipalmated sandpiper) - ICMBio status Calidris subruficollis (buff-breasted sandpiper) - ICMBio status Limnodromus griseus (short-billed dowitcher) - ICMBio status Numenius borealis (Eskimo curlew) - ICMBio status
Family Sternidae (terns) Sterna dougallii (roseate tern) - ICMBio status Sterna hirundinacea (South American tern) - ICMBio status Thalasseus maximus (royal tern) - Estado ICMBio
Order Columbiformes (pigeons and doves)
Family Columbidae Claravis geoffroyi (purple-winged ground dove) - ICMBio status (PEx) Columbina cyanopis (blue-eyed ground dove) - ICMBio status (PEx)
Order Cuculiformes (cuckoos)
Family Cuculidae Neomorphus geoffroyi (rufous-vented ground cuckoo) - ICMBio status Neomorphus geoffroyi amazonicus (rufous-vented ground cuckoo) - ICMBio status Neomorphus geoffroyi dulcis (rufous-vented ground cuckoo) - ICMBio status Neomorphus geoffroyi geoffroyi (rufous-vented ground cuckoo) - ICMBio status (PEx) Neomorphus squamiger (scaled ground cuckoo) - Estado ICMBio
Ordem Strigiformes (owls)
Family Strigidae Glaucidium mooreorum (Pernambuco pygmy owl) - ICMBio status Pulsatrix perspicillata pulsatrix (spectacled owl) - ICMBio status Strix huhula albomarginata (black-banded owl) - ICMBio status
Order Nyctibiiformes (potoos)
Family Nyctibiidae Nyctibius aethereus aethereus (long-tailed potoo) - ICMBio status Nyctibius leucopterus (white-winged potoo) - ICMBio status
Ordem Caprimulgiformes (nightjars)
Family Caprimulgidae Hydropsalis candicans (white-winged nightjar) - ICMBio status
Order Apodiformes (hummingbirds and swifts)
Family Trochilidae (hummingbirds) Augastes lumachella (hooded visorbearer) - ICMBio status Discosura langsdorffi langsdorffi (black-bellied thorntail) - ICMBio status Glaucis dohrnii (hook-billed hermit) - ICMBio status Lophornis gouldii (dot-eared coquette) - ICMBio status Phaethornis aethopygus (Tapajós hermit) - Estado ICMBio Phaethornis bourcieri major (straight-billed hermit) - ICMBio status Phaethornis margarettae (great-billed hermit) - ICMBio status Phaethornis margarettae camargoi (great-billed hermit) - ICMBio status Thalurania watertonii (long-tailed woodnymph) - ICMBio status
Order Trogoniformes (trogons)
Family Trogonidae Trogon collaris eytoni (collared trogon) - ICMBio status
Order Coraciiformes (kingfishers, bee-eaters, rollers and motmots)
Family Momotidae (motmots) Momotus momota marcgraviana (blue-crowned motmot) - ICMBio status
Ordem Galbuliformes (puffbirds)
Family Bucconidae Monasa morphoeus morphoeus (white-fronted nunbird) - ICMBio status
Order Piciformes (woodpeckers and toucans)
Family Capitonidae (American barbets) Capito dayi (black-girdled barbet) - ICMBio status
Family Ramphastidae (toucans) Pteroglossus bitorquatus bitorquatus (red-necked aracari) - ICMBio status Selenidera gouldii baturitensis (Gould's toucanet) - ICMBio status
Family Picidae (woodpeckers) Celeus flavus subflavus (cream-colored woodpecker) - ICMBio status Celeus obrieni (Kaempfer's woodpecker) - ICMBio status Celeus torquatus pieteroyensi (ringed woodpecker) - ICMBio status Celeus torquatus tinnunculus (Atlantic black-breasted woodpecker) - ICMBio status Dryocopus galeatus (helmeted woodpecker) - ICMBio status Piculus polyzonus - ICMBio status Piculus paraensis - ICMBio status Picumnus varzeae (Varzea piculet) - ICMBio status
Order Psittaciformes (parrots, macaws, parakeets)
Family Psittacidae Amazona pretrei (red-spectacled amazon) - ICMBio status Amazona rhodocorytha (red-browed amazon) - ICMBio status Amazona vinacea (vinaceous-breasted amazon) - ICMBio status Anodorhynchus leari (Lear's macaw) - ICMBio status Anodorhynchus glaucus (glaucous macaw) - ICMBio status Aratinga solstitialis (sun parakeet) - ICMBio status Cyanopsitta spixii (Spix's macaw) - ICMBio status (PExW) Guaruba guarouba (golden parakeet) - ICMBio status Pionus reichenowi (Reichenow's blue-headed parrot) - ICMBio status Pyrilia vulturina (vulturine parrot) - ICMBio status Pyrrhura cruentata (ochre-marked parakeet) - ICMBio status Pyrrhura lepida (pearly parakeet) - ICMBio status Pyrrhura lepida lepida (pearly parakeet) - ICMBio status Pyrrhura griseipectus (grey-breasted parakeet) - ICMBio status Pyrrhura leucotis (white-eared parakeet) - ICMBio status Pyrrhura pfrimeri (Pfrimer's parakeet) - ICMBio status Touit melanonotus (brown-backed parrotlet) - ICMBio status Touit surdus (golden-tailed parrotlet) - ICMBio status
Order Passeriformes (songbirds)
Family Thamnophilidae (antbirds) Cercomacra ferdinandi (bananal antbird) - ICMBio status Dysithamnus plumbeus (plumbeous antvireo) - ICMBio status Formicivora erythronotos (black-hooded antwren) - ICMBio status Formicivora grantsaui (Sincorá antwren) - ICMBio status Formicivora littoralis (Restinga antwren) - ICMBio status Formicivora paludicola (São Paulo marsh antwren) - ICMBio status Herpsilochmus pileatus (Bahia antwren) - ICMBio status Hypocnemis ochrogyna (Rondonia warbling antbird) - ICMBio status Myrmoderus ruficaudus - ICMBio status Myrmotherula fluminensis (Rio de Janeiro antwren) - ICMBio status (PEx) Myrmotherula klagesi (Klages's antwren) - ICMBio status Myrmotherula minor (Salvadori's antwren) - ICMBio status Myrmotherula snowi (Alagoas antwren) - ICMBio status Myrmotherula urosticta (band-tailed antwren) - ICMBio status Phlegopsis nigromaculata confinis (black-spotted bare-eye) - ICMBio status Phlegopsis nigromaculata paraensis (black-spotted bare-eye) - ICMBio status Pyriglena pernambucensis (Pernambuco fire-eye) - ICMBio status Pyriglena atra (fringe-backed fire-eye) - ICMBio status Rhegmatorhina gymnops (bare-eyed antbird) - ICMBio status Rhopornis ardesiacus (slender antbird) - ICMBio status Stymphalornis acutirostris (marsh antwren) - ICMBio status Terenura sicki (orange-bellied antwren) - ICMBio status Thamnomanes caesius caesius (cinereous antshrike) - ICMBio status Thamnophilus aethiops (white-shouldered antshrike) - ICMBio status Thamnophilus caerulescens cearensis (variable antshrike) - ICMBio status Thamnophilus caerulescens pernambucensis (variable antshrike) - ICMBio status Thamnophilus nigrocinereus (blackish-grey antshrike) - ICMBio status
Family Conopophagidae (gnateaters) Conopophaga lineata cearae (rufous gnateater) - ICMBio status Conopophaga lineata lineata (rufous gnateater) - ICMBio status Conopophaga melanops nigrifrons (black-cheeked gnateater) - ICMBio status
Family Grallariidae (antpittas) Grallaria varia distincta (variegated antpitta) - ICMBio status