Hebrews 13

Hebrews 13 is the thirteenth (and the last) chapter of the Epistle to the Hebrews in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. The author is anonymous, although the internal reference to "our brother Timothy" (Hebrews 13:23) caused a traditional attribution to Paul. This attribution has been disputed since the second century, and there is no decisive evidence for the authorship. This closing chapter contains the author's concluding exhortations, final benediction and epistolary postscript.

Text

The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 25 verses.

Textual witnesses Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are: Papyrus 46 (c. 175–225; complete) Codex Vaticanus (325-350) Codex Sinaiticus (330-360) Papyrus 126 (4th century; extant verses 12–13, 19–20) Codex Alexandrinus (400-440) Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus (c. 450; complete) Codex Freerianus (~450; extant verses 7–9, 16–18, 23–25) Codex Claromontanus (~550) Codex Coislinianus (c. 550; extant verses 24–25)

Old Testament references

Concluding exhortations (verses 1–17)

Verse 2 Do not neglect to show hospitality to strangers, for thereby some have entertained angels unawares.: English Standard Version These words inspired Timothy Schmalz' sculpture Angels Unawares (2019), located in St. Peter's Square in the Vatican.

Benediction and epistolary postscript (verses 18–25) Verse 23 Know that our brother Timothy has been set free, with whom I shall see you if he comes shortly.: NKJV "Timothy": Paul's companion mentioned several times in the New Testament, such as in Acts 16–17, 1 Timothy, 2 Timothy, and is known by the recipients of this letter. "Set free": can also rendered as "set at liberty" or "dismissed" either from his current duty (sent by the apostle Paul), or released from prison.Gill, John, Exposition of the Entire Bible - Hebrews 13:23

Hebrews 13

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