Talanov () is a Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Talanova. It may refer to
Dariya Talanova (born 1995), Kyrgyzstani swimmer Ivan Talanov (1910–1991), Russian football player Khioniya Talanova (1822—1880), Russian stage actress Nadezhda Talanova (born 1967), Russian biathlete Viktor Talanov (1951–2025), Russian politician