Cora is an opera in four acts by the French composer Étienne Méhul. The libretto, by Valadier,The sources do not give any first names. is based on the novel Les Incas by Jean-François Marmontel. It was the first opera Méhul wrote but the second to be performed, receiving its premiere at the Académie Royale de Musique (the Paris Opéra) on 15 February 1791. Cora was not a success and there were only four more performances (18, 20, 25 February and 4 March).Pougin p.61
Background In 1784 the Académie Royale de Musique held a competition for new libretti. From the 58 candidates the judges chose three winners: Chabanon's Le toison d'or, Guillard's Œdipe à Colone and Valadier's Alonzo et Cora. Chabanon's libretto was never set;The contemporary opera of the same name by Vogel has a libretto by Philippe Desriaux. Guillard's provided Antonio Sacchini with the text for his most famous opera (premiered in 1786); and Valadier's was handed to Méhul.Pougin, pp.39-40 Since arriving in Paris in the late 1770s Méhul had published two sets of keyboard sonatas and written or arranged vocal works for the Concert Spirituel, but this was his first opportunity to compose an opera. He set to work writing the score in 1785-86 and in 1787 his supporters, the composer Jean-Baptiste Lemoyne and the man of letters Jean-Baptiste-Antoine Suard, urged the Académie to stage the work.Bartlet pp. vii and xi It went into rehearsal on 10 June 1789 but was abandoned on 8 August. The reasons for this delay are unknown, but the Académie was suffering from severe financial difficulties at the time.De Place, p.28
Frustrated at his lack of progress at the Académie Royale, Méhul turned to its rival the Opéra Comique, which staged his debut Euphrosine on 4 September 1790. The great success of this work prompted the Académie Royale to dust off Alonzo et Cora (now retitled simply Cora) for a performance on 15 February 1791. However, the piece was a failure; the musicologist Arthur Pougin blames this on the inadequacies of the libretto rather than Méhul's music.Pougin pp.60-61
Style According to the Méhul scholar Elizabeth Bartlet, the music of Cora demonstrates "not only [Méhul's] indebtedness to the 'reform' operas of Gluck and Salieri but also his awareness of symphonic style (particularly Haydn's) and his interest in dynamic, large-scale ensembles - both of which were unusual for the period."Bartlet, page x
Roles RoleVoice typePremiere CastAtaliba, King of Quitotenor/baritoneFrançois LaysAlonso, a Spanish generalhaute-contreSources traditionally report only the initial letter (J.) of this singer's name; full details, however, can be found in "Organico dei fratelli a talento della Loggia parigina di Saint-Jean d'Écosse du Contrat Social (1773-89)" (list of the members of this Masonic lodge), reported as an Appendix in Zeffiro Ciuffoletti and Sergio Moravia (eds), La Massoneria. La storia, gli uomini, le idee, Milan, Mondadori, 2004, .The High Priestbasse-taille (bass-baritone)Auguste-Athanase (Augustin) ChéronCorasopranoAdélaïde Gavaudan, "cadette"Zémor, Cora's fathertenor/baritoneLouis-Claude-Armand Chardin (stage name, "Chardini")Zélia, Cora's mothersopranoMarie-Thérèse Davoux (stage name, "Mlle Maillard")Zulma, Cora's friendsopranoMlle MullotA warriorbasse-tailleMartin
References
Sources Adélaïde de Place Étienne Nicolas Méhul (Bleu Nuit Éditeur, 2005) Arthur Pougin Méhul: sa vie, son génie, son caractère (Fischbacher, 1889) General introduction to Méhul's operas in the introduction to the edition of Stratonice by M. Elizabeth C. Bartlet (Pendragon Press, 1997)