Shubnikov (masculine, ) or Shubnikova (feminine, ) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov (1887–1970), Soviet crystallographer and mathematician Lev Shubnikov (1901–1937), Soviet experimental physicist

See also Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography RAS, Moscow, named in honor of Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov