Timeline of Braunschweig

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Braunschweig (Brunswick), Germany.

Prior to 19th century 861 – According to legend, Braunschweig founded by Bruno of Saxony. 955 – Area of city expanded. 1031 – church consecrated. 1145 – Riddagshausen Abbey founded. 1160s – Henry the Lion makes Braunschweig his residence. 1166 – Brunswick Lion statue created. 1175 Dankwarderode Castle built. Birth of Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor 1188 – Gospels of Henry the Lion created. 1190s – church construction begins. 1194 – Brunswick Cathedral built. 1194 – 6 August: Henry the Lion dies. 1200s church construction begins. Braunschweig joins the Hanseatic League. (carnival) is celebrated. 1245 – (nursing home and orphanage) established. 1293–94 – (civil unrest) 1304 – on first mentioned. 1307 – guildhall/exchange first mentioned. 1312 – Rüningen gristmill first mentioned. 1370s – (civil unrest) 1390 Public clock installed (approximate date). Brunswick Mum is sold. 1396 – (city hall) building expanded. 1408 – (fountain) installed in the . 1410s Liberei (library) built. (conflict between city council and churches) 1411 – Faule Mette cannon created. 1415 – secondary school established. 1420 – church built (approximate date). 1432 – The Princes of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel move their Residenz from Braunschweig to Wolfenbüttel. 1434 – Aegidienkirche (church) built (approximate date). 1445–46 – (civil unrest) 1451 – (church) built. 1487–89 – (civil unrest) 1498 – (fair) established. 1509 – Printing press in operation. 1520s – Protestant Reformation in Braunschweig. 1524 – built. 1531–32 – Braunschweig joins Schmalkaldic League. 1534 – built. 1551 – Population: 16,192. 1567 – built. 1573 – built on the . 1627 – (brewery) established. 1643 – (customs house) built. 1663 – Trial and execution of Anna Roleffes. 1671 – Siege of Braunschweig by Rudolph Augustus, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg 1690 – (opera house and theatre) opens. 1745 Collegium Carolinum founded. Braunschweigische Anzeigen newspaper in publication. 1753 – Brunswick Palace established as the new ducal residence. 1754 – Herzog Anton Ulrich-Museum and State Natural History Museum open. 1761 – First Battle of Ölper 1768 – Birth of Caroline of Brunswick future wife of George IV. 1769 – Schloss Richmond (castle) built. 1772 – 13 March: Premiere of Lessing's play Emilia Galotti. 1773 – Population: 23,385. 1790s – dismantled (approximate date). 1791 – (bridge) rebuilt. 1799 – Friedrich Vieweg (publisher) moves to Braunschweig.

19th century 1806 – French in power; begins. 1807 – becomes mayor. 1809 – 1 August: Second Battle of Ölper 1815 – Duchy of Brunswick established 1823 – Obelisk erected in the . 1829 – 19 January: Premiere of Goethe's play Faust, Part One. 1830 – 7–8 September: Civil unrest, Brunswick Palace stormed by an angry mob and destroyed completely.Gerhard Schildt: Von der Restauration zur Reichsgründungszeit, in Horst-Rüdiger Jarck / Gerhard Schildt (eds.), Die Braunschweigische Landesgeschichte. Jahrtausendrückblick einer Region, Braunschweig 2000, pp. 753–766 1834 – Attained municipal self-government. 1835 – Grotrian-Steinweg established. 1838 – Westermann Verlag (publisher) in business. 1838 – 1 December: First section of the Brunswick–Bad Harzburg railway line, connecting Braunschweig and Wolfenbüttel, opens.E. Oppermann (1911): Landeskunde des Herzogtums Braunschweig. Geschichte und Geographie. Braunschweig: E. Appelhans, p. 64.Neubauer, Jürgen / Salewsky, Dieter (1988): 150 Jahre 1. Deutsche Staatseisenbahn Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel. Braunschweig: Joh. Heinr. Meyer Verlag. . 1843–44 – Hanover–Brunswick railway opens. 1844 – Rabbinical Conference of Brunswick 1847 – MTV Braunschweig established. 1848–49 – 1849 – Voigtländer sets up its office in Braunschweig. 1853 – active. 1856 – (magazine) headquartered in Braunschweig. 1860 – established. 1861 Staatstheater Braunschweig (theatre) opens. (library) and founded. 1863 – sculpture erected atop the palace. 1871 newspaper in publication. brewery in business. Population: 57,883. 1872 – Brunswick–Magdeburg railway begins operating. 1874 – Konrad Koch introduces football to Germany. 1875 – 23 September: opens. 1879 – Trams in Braunschweig begin operating. 1880 – Population: 75,038. 1885 – Population: 85,174. 1887 – Braunschweig Main Cemetery (cemetery) established. 1890 – Population: 101,047. 1891 – Braunschweigisches Landesmuseum founded. 1894–1900 – New (city hall) built. 1895 Eintracht Braunschweig football club and (cemetery) established. bookseller in business. Population: 115,138.

20th century

1900–1945 1901 – (historical society) founded. 1903 – Büssing established. 1905 – Population: 136,423. 1906 – Dankwarderode Castle reconstructed. 1907 – (bicycle manufactory) in business. 1909 – 21 April: Gymnasium Gaussschule established. 1913 – 24 May: Marriage of Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick and Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia.Henning Steinführer, Gerd Biegel (eds.): 1913 – Braunschweig zwischen Monarchie und Moderne. Appelhans Verlag, Braunschweig 2015, . 1918 occurs. 8 November: Ernest Augustus forced to abdicate. 10 November: Socialist Republic of Brunswick proclaimed. 10 November: Free State of Brunswick established. 1919 9 April: Spartacus League uprising. 13–17 April: State of emergency declared, Freikorps troops enter city.Hans-Ulrich Ludewig (2000): Der Erste Weltkrieg und die Revolution (1914–1918/19), in: Horst-Rüdiger Jarck / Gerhard Schildt (eds.), Die Braunschweigische Landesgeschichte. Jahrtausendrückblick einer Region, Braunschweig 2000, pp. 935–943 Population: 139,539. 1920 – Rollei established. 1923 – 17 June: Eintracht-Stadion opens. 1929 – Deutsche Verkehrsfliegerschule moved to Broitzem. 1931 is incorporated into the city of Braunschweig. (newspaper) begins publication. 17–18 October: A large Nazi rally is held in Braunschweig, 100,000 SA stormtroopers march through the city. 1933 – Mittelland Canal reaches Braunschweig. 1934 , , , Ölper, , , and are incorporated into the city of Braunschweig. Population: 166,823. 1935 – SS-Junkerschule Braunschweig established. 1936 Luftfahrtforschungsanstalt in Völkenrode built. Braunschweig Airport opens. 1938 (formerly Brunswick State Conservatoire) established. 23 February: Volkswagenwerk Braunschweig starts production. 9–10 November: Kristallnacht in Braunschweig. 1939 Nazi Academy for Youth Leadership built. 20 September: Oflag XI-B POW camp for Polish officers established. Population: 208,400. 1940 24 June: Oflag XI-B POW camp dissolved, POWs transferred to Oflag II-C in Dobiegniew. Synagogue demolished. Bombing of Braunschweig in World War II begins. 1943 – Entbindungsheim für Ostarbeiterinnen established. 1944 25 March: Subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp established at the SS troop supply camp. 5 June: Subcamp of Neuengamme at the SS troop supply camp dissolved. Prisoners deported to a subcamp in Warberg. 17 August: Schillstraße subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp established. September: Braunschweig-Vechelde subcamp of Neuengamme established. December: Women subcamp of Neuengamme established at the SS Riding School. 1945 February: Women subcamp of Neuengamme at the SS Riding School dissolved. Prisoners deported to subcamps in Salzgitter and Helmstedt. March: Braunschweig-Vechelde subcamp of Neuengamme dissolved. Prisoners moved to the Schillstraße subcamp. March/April: Schillstraße subcamp of Neuengamme dissolved. Prisoners sent on a death march to Salzgitter. 12 April: .

1946–1999 1946 – Braunschweiger Zeitung (newspaper) begins publication. 1947 – Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt refounded in Braunschweig. 1949 (school) established. bookshop in business. 1955 – 1 February: Luftfahrt-Bundesamt opens. 1960 Brunswick Palace demolished. Building of the Weststadt starts.Braunschweig-Weststadt – größtes Wohnbauprojekt in unserer Region (in German). Retrieved on 3 September 2017. 1 October: Braunschweig Hauptbahnhof opens. 1963 – Hochschule für Bildende Künste Braunschweig established. 1971 – Fachhochschule Braunschweig/Wolfenbüttel established. 1972 – Braunschweiger Verkehrs-AG (public transit entity) active. 1974 – 28 February: District of Braunschweig disestablished and its main part incorporated into the city of Braunschweig. 1975 – Population: 269,900. 1976 – Gerhard Glogowski becomes mayor. 1977 – Federal Agricultural Research Centre established. 1982 – established. 1987 – Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen moves to Braunschweig. 1988 – Braunschweig Classix Festival established. 1991–94 – Reconstruction of Alte Waage. 1994 – Sparkassen Open tennis tournament established. 1998 – 1 September: German Federal Bureau of Aircraft Accident Investigation established. 2000 Wilhelm Raabe Literature Prize established. 20 September: Volkswagen Halle opens.

21st century

2001 – built in the . 2006 – 6 December: opens. 2007 – 6 May: Rebuilt Brunswick Palace opens. 2010 – light rail project cancelled. 2013 – Population: 247,227. 2014 – becomes mayor.

Images

Timeline of Braunschweig

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